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Paint for interior work. Main types of facade paints

The scope of use of paints in construction is constantly expanding. With the advent of new technologies and materials, the choice of finishing options is also growing. The paints are easy to work with, they provide a huge selection of colors and shades, they can be used for different types works and coatings. There are many types of them, and they differ both in composition and purpose.

The entire range of paints can be divided into four large groups:

alkyd,
emulsion,
silicate,
adhesive.

Alkyd – paints based on drying oil (oil) or varnish (enamel). After drying, they form a waterproof film, are non-toxic, resistant to ultraviolet rays, and are suitable for indoor and outdoor use. They are applied to wood, metal, plaster.

Emulsion - most often they are made using water based with the addition of pigments, emulsifiers, and various additives. In addition to water-based ones, this group includes water-dispersed, acrylic, latex and polyvinyl acetate types. They are used for application to finely porous surfaces:

plaster;
concrete;
tree;
primer for metal.

These paints are non-toxic and can be used in living rooms.

Silicate - are made on the basis of liquid glass and water. Their properties are fireproof, resistant to temperature fluctuations, and are used for porous surfaces (wood, concrete, plaster).

Adhesive – produced mainly for interior work because they cannot withstand high humidity. They are made on the basis of natural glue (casein, starch, PVA) and water.

Transparent coatings (varnishes) are used for floors made of natural wood. Absolutely transparent or with the addition of coloring pigments, they reveal the natural beauty of wood, penetrate deep into, protecting the floor from moisture and ultraviolet radiation. Polyurethane varnishes quite resistant to mechanical stress.

Acrylic paint is widely used for wooden floors due to its resistance to abrasion, humidity, temperature changes and sunlight. The coating allows the wood to “breathe”, preventing damage from moisture. Can be used for external and internal work.

Paint for interior work must, first of all, be safe: non-toxic during operation and, preferably, without a strong odor during the drying period. And to create the desired interior design, it must have either a wide selection of shades or be easily mixed with pigments.

Advice!
The paint should be relatively waterproof so that minor stains can be washed off rather than having to repaint the entire wall.

For ceilings, water-based types of high density are used: such paint should be snow-white and cover the surface well.

It is best to do it with acrylic or latex types. Acrylics create a matte surface that is not afraid of mechanical abrasion and tolerates quite well wet cleaning. But it is not suitable for rooms with high humidity levels: the ingress of water will spoil it.

Latex paint makes the coating slightly glossy, moisture resistant and quite durable. This is what is most often recommended when asking questions about which bathroom paint is most suitable. The layer is thin, which allows this type to be used for textured plaster or embossed wallpaper.

Matte paint used in the interior has become familiar: it does not catch the eye, looks discreet and noble. Almost all types of paint have matte varieties:

water-based;
acrylic;
latex;
alkyd enamels.

The question of which paint is better to choose – matte or glossy – is purely a matter of taste.

Advantages: uniform coverage, deep color without glare and reflections, masking unevenness and minor defects. Matte finish is most often used in interior design, allowing you to achieve rich color even when using light shades.

Disadvantages: high susceptibility to dirt even with enamel coatings. It is much more difficult to clean matte paint from hand marks or other contaminants than glossy paint. In addition, matte paint makes damage and scratches more visible.

Dispersion paint is a mixture of a liquid base and insoluble components: pigments, emulsifiers, thickeners, etc. In the case of using an aqueous base and a liquid phase, a water-based paint is obtained, but it is only part of the entire line of dispersion types in general.

Advice!
The peculiarity of dispersion types is that the base and components can separate, so before using paint, even fresh paint, it must be thoroughly mixed. And if necessary, this paint can be diluted without any problems.

For interior work, water-dispersion paints are used: acrylic, latex, adhesive. are made using synthetic resins and antiseptics that increase resistance to precipitation, frost, burnout and microorganisms.

Fire retardant paints act as a barrier between fire and the surface, creating an insulating layer. The use of such coatings protects surfaces from fire for up to one and a half hours. According to the principle of action, they are of two types:

intumescent, when the paint swells when heated, creating an air gap,
non-intumescent, which create a non-flammable layer.

Fire retardant paints are used for any materials that suffer from high temperatures:

wood, which is one of the most fire hazardous materials in construction;
metal structures, which lose their strength under the influence of fire (this is especially dangerous for load-bearing elements);
cement and concrete, which crack and crumble due to high temperatures;
resin-based materials (bitumen), used, for example, for roofing;
air ducts and ventilation systems, which in the event of a fire turn into fire conductors;
heating boilers, chimneys, heating systems, gas pipelines.

Advice!
Using fire-retardant paint is convenient and easy: it does not lose its properties under the influence of precipitation, ultraviolet rays and temperature changes.

The largest trade marks It’s not for nothing that they have won their niche in the market: to produce, for example, high-quality water-based paint, you need at least 15 different components for a cheap product and about 30-40 for expensive high-quality paint. It is the various additives that provide the consumer qualities that are so valued in a good product:

optimal density,
hiding power,
density and thickness of the layer,
abrasion resistance,
uniformity of coverage,
water-repellent properties.

It is simply impossible to get a good product from bad raw materials!

Second important factor in paint production (and in any other production) is compliance technological process. Here you will need modern equipment with computerized process control system, high-tech production line.

That is why you cannot expect high quality from paint made, relatively speaking, in the nearest basement. Even if you really want to save money, it’s better not to mess with a cheap product.

Before applying paint, it is necessary to prepare the surface: level, prime, dry, remove dust and fine particles. In some cases you need to remove old paint or clean and putty the flaws.

There are three main methods for working with paints:

brush painting,
roller,
sprayer.

Depending on the surface area, a wide whitewash brush, a medium-width flange brush or a small panel brush (for small details) is used. Modern paints adhere well and spread over the surface, forming a uniform coating. When painting, it is better to apply strokes in one direction, having previously painted the corners, joints and ends with a smaller brush, so as not to damage them later.

Roller from special material, which picks up paint well and applies an even layer - the second option. It allows you to apply a fairly dense layer, which is necessary when painting painted walls. The painting techniques are the same as with a brush: all movements are made in one direction, the second layer is applied with perpendicular strokes. A roller with a long handle is used to process the floor and ceiling.

The third method is spray application. Advantages: a thinner layer of paint, which means less consumption.

Advice!
Using the third method, it’s easy to paint even the most inaccessible corners, and in general, all the work is done much faster and easier. When choosing paint, pay attention to the recommended nozzle diameter for working with it.

It is better to add thinner to the paint in the proportion indicated on the packaging (indicated as a percentage). If there is too much paint, the properties of the paint may change - wear resistance and coverage will deteriorate, the degree of gloss will change, and marks from the roller or brush will remain on the surface itself.

3,00

Coloring wooden surfaces– one of the popular types of finishing during renovation and construction. Many people prefer to do this work themselves. To do this, you need to choose the right paint and understand the technology of its application. This is not difficult to do if you familiarize yourself with the existing offers on the market.

All paints must contain the following components:

pigment - a substance that gives color;
a base that binds all the ingredients and forms a surface film;
fillers that give the paint strength and shine;
additives that allow quick drying and hardening (driers), protect wood from mold (fungicides), fire-resistant defoamer.

Enamels for indoor use are not resistant to impacts natural phenomena, therefore they are not used when painting facades. For indoor work, the following types of paints are most often used:

acrylic;
alkyd;
water-dispersed;
polyurethane.

Acrylic

Very profitable, from a commercial point of view, compositions. Among them positive qualities it is worth noting:

Cheapness. The cheapest of all types of polymers with equivalent performance qualities.
Practicality. They tolerate the effects of sunlight, as well as temperature changes. Shelf life – 3 years.
Fast drying.
Mechanical resistance. Acrylic paint creates a dense, elastic coating that is resistant to various influences.
Water resistance. Wood under acrylic does not rot or collapse.
Resistant to temperature changes.
Possibility of tinting in any desired color.

Painted surfaces do not fade in the sun. Chemical composition acrylic polymers are constantly being improved. Manufacturers are working to reduce the cost of such paints, but at the same time their quality remains at a high level.

Qualitative characteristics of acrylic water- dispersion paints determined by the level of whiteness and hiding power. Highest level Whiteness is determined by the purity of titanium dioxide used as a pigment. The ability to hide a surface treated with such enamel with a small number of layers is called hiding power. This parameter determines the cost of paint and directly depends on the pigment it contains, indicating its thickness and density. The contents of the jar should not be too liquid (a 10-liter can weighs 15 kg).

Important! When purchasing a product, make sure that the enamel is intended specifically for working with wood.

Alkyd

Unlike acrylic enamels, alkyd enamels consist of varnishes of the same name, which are a solution of thick resin with the addition of rosin, glycerin and vegetable oils. Additional components that can improve any properties can be included in the paint, then everything is mixed with a solvent.

Alkyd enamel dries in 2–3 days, does not lose color, and is durable. Such compositions are also suitable for street work. In addition, they have a number of advantages:

water resistance;
durability;
low price;
protection of wooden surfaces from rotting;
resistance to mechanical stress.

Due to their properties, alkyd enamels are ideal for painting floors.

Advice! The variety of such paints in stores is huge, so don’t rush to buy the first one you come across, study everything thoroughly on the spot.

Water-dispersed

Water acts as a diluent for such paints, so they are considered environmentally friendly and non-flammable. The binding polymers here can be petroleum or resin. The term “dispersive” means a mechanical suspension of solid elements in a liquid. Water-dispersion paints are produced in the form of a liquid paste. Immediately before starting work, they are diluted with water to the required consistency.

When the enamel is already applied to the surface, the water begins to evaporate, the coating hardens and acquires waterproof and fire-retardant qualities.

This material is popular among consumers because it has a number of advantages over other paints:

environmental safety (dries within a couple of hours, evaporating only water);
no odor;
fire resistance;
ease of operation;
vapor permeability;
high adhesion;
service life up to 15 years;
resistance to mechanical damage;
relative cheapness.

The most important property Such enamel is water resistant, which significantly expands the range of its applications.

Important! Water-based paints must be stored at room temperature.

Polyurethane

The main properties of such paints are determined by the nature of the binding component on the basis of which they are produced. Polyurethane compounds have excellent viscosity, good adhesion to any surface and high protective properties (prevent the appearance of cracks in wood).

Polyurethane paints are available in a wide range of colors. Among their positive qualities it is worth noting:

resistance to sudden changes in temperature and pressure;
scratch resistance;
high moisture resistance;
non-toxic;
fire safety;
chemical resistance.

Advice! Having purchased 100% polyurethane paint, dilute it with a commercial solvent before work.

Paint for different rooms

Before painting wooden surfaces different rooms First of all, you need to think about a healthy microclimate. Follow the following tips to choose the right paint:

To preserve texture or give the necessary color to interior wooden doors, floors, panels and baseboards, use environmentally friendly water-based paints.
If the house is entirely built of timber, and there is no desire to cover the walls with other material, paint the walls with acrylic paint. It will visually hide unevenness, and high vapor permeability will ensure dryness and comfort in living spaces. With the same composition it is possible.
Paint children's rooms with easy-to-wash paints acrylic compounds. They should not contain harmful impurities so as not to harm the child’s health. The Eco Label guarantees that this product is environmentally friendly.
Decorate the bathroom and kitchen with latex or acrylic enamels, the structure of which contains antifungal agents. For the kitchen use special paints, from which grease stains are very easily washed off.
To select special acrylics that are resistant to abrasion and mechanical damage latex paints.
Utility rooms in private homes also require maintenance. Here use inexpensive vinyl and acrylic enamels. In special areas for washing and drying clothes, use the same paints as in the bathroom/kitchen.

Important! Before painting begins, the wood must be treated with an antiseptic. This will help avoid damage by insects that live in large numbers in untreated wood.

Review of manufacturers

Wood paint for interior work is produced by many domestic and foreign manufacturers. All she has is enough high quality, however, you need to choose from the best, well-proven ones in the construction market:

Finnish company Tikkurila. This is one of the best concerns recognized throughout the world. The long work of specialists has been crowned excellent results. The compositions of this company are endowed with excellent qualities, high color fastness and wear resistance.
Zobel is a high-quality German manufacturer of paints for interior woodwork. The products of this company are characterized by good protective properties against ultraviolet radiation and sudden temperature changes, and a wide range of colors.
Enamel used as finishing decorative coating- “Drevoplastic”. Its complex composition includes alkyds, providing easy application, as well as maximum protection from negative factors. When painted, it lies on the surface, creating the effect liquid plastic and, at the same time, allowing the wood to breathe.
Companies such as Parker Paint, Ace, Sashco, Seiena Group, Kerakoll, BENNET have earned the trust of consumers for working with wood.

Each of the above paints is suitable for any surface: walls, ceiling, floor. However, don't overdo it bright colors. Their excessive use (especially if the shades are completely incompatible) will have a bad effect on the perception of the room. However, you can fantasize, diluting bright tones with light ones as you like, and ultimately achieve the desired result.

Advice! For dark rooms, such as a corridor, lighter shades are suitable.

Paints are still very relevant in decoration. Many of them are made from environmentally friendly ingredients, are odorless, dry quickly, and have a huge color scheme and very convenient to use.

Surface finishing by painting is the cheapest and, at the same time, sufficient effective method decorating walls in various rooms of the house. Correctly selected waterproof paint and adherence to the technology for its application will have an effect no worse than the use of more expensive schemes. But this requires choosing the right type of paint for the walls of the bathroom and living rooms.

What properties are in first demand?

Taking into account the significant labor costs of painting walls (if it is not possible to purchase or rent a spray gun for a while), the main consumer advantage of the painting composition is considered to be its hiding power. This is the consumption of material per unit area of walls and/or ceilings in the bathroom and other rooms. However, there are other requirements.

Environmental Safety. The substance must contain no toxic components. It is for this reason that oil compositions, so popular in the Soviet past, despite their cheapness, are gradually fading into oblivion.
Convenience of application technology to the surface to be painted. That is why nitro-based paints are used less and less often - if their pungent odor can somehow be temporarily tolerated by using intensive ventilation of the premises, then the instant drying of such paints and varnishes on the walls of rooms or on glass requires truly jewelry painting skills. It will no longer be possible to correct an incorrect stroke.
Durability. The coating on the walls must be resistant to fading under the influence of sunlight, and also adhere well to the prepared base (after all, the primer is a mandatory component of all preparatory work).
Hygiene. The painted surface must completely separate the finishing surface from the base (concrete, wood, plaster), otherwise dust and dirt will quickly begin to accumulate in the pores, and in the bathroom also fungi, causing the formation of difficult-to-remove mold on the walls.
Aesthetic effect. This primarily applies to living rooms, which are painted relatively rarely. But also for technical rooms - kitchen, bathroom, toilet - the visual impression must be positive.

Despite the above factors, the main thing for household paint is its moisture resistance. The waterproof composition not only provides easy and pleasant care for the wall or ceiling, but also protects against possible troubles associated, for example, with sudden flooding of the bathroom by neighbors above or bursting pipes of the water heating system.

Unfortunately, universal moisture-resistant paint is an ideal concept. For each type of surface - plywood, glass, metal, concrete, plastic, wood – Can you recommend a certain composition? paint coating, the choice of which is determined by the specific operating conditions of the premises.

Is it advisable to paint everything?

Of course not. For example, glass is not painted with all compounds. It is more profitable and more aesthetically pleasing to provide inserts made of frosted, colored and other types of opaque glass (including acrylic). These glasses look very modern. Moreover, glass inserts can be combined, modified, and replaced.

Painting concrete is also rarely done, since concrete can be easily plastered decorative compositions. As the original surface, concrete remains mainly in basements and cellars. In addition, due to the porosity of concrete, paint consumption increases.

There is practically no point in painting plastic and tiles. Painted plastic looks much worse, since only painting with thick paints can avoid streaks. When painting plastic, you have to increase the layer of coloring composition, and its durability on plastic will in many cases be minimal due to low adhesion. If the need for painting is great, then the plastic should be treated with emery cloth before painting.

Plywood (as an element of arrangement covered balconies and loggias) can also be painted. Plywood is processed in the same way as wood. Since plywood often serves as a substrate for floors made of wood, laminate, etc., it is enough to paint it in one layer.

It is better not to paint wood (in particular, parquet) at all, but to varnish it. Well-dried wood is not prone to rotting, so it is easier to extend the service life of wood coatings using less drastic methods. In addition, old paint from wood is quite difficult to remove.

Compositions based on aqueous emulsions

Water-based paint has certain water-repellent properties, which is why it is used for finishing walls and ceilings in toilets and kitchens. As a result, the water resistance of wood and plywood painted with water-based emulsion increases. However, the strength turns out to be quite average, which is why such compositions are not used in rooms with particularly high humidity eg in bathtubs and showers.

Low moisture resistance water-based paints related to the following. Matte coating, which these compositions form, is quite porous. Therefore, over time, water vapor penetrates into the pores. If for living rooms, where relative humidity rarely exceeds 65-70%, this circumstance is of little significance, then for bathrooms it is perhaps the main argument against.

If water-based paint is worth using, it should be used exclusively for finishing children’s rooms - due to the following advantages:

brightness (especially if you add a color-forming component);
a matte finish that is pleasing to a child’s eye (the presence of bright reflections has a bad effect on children’s visual organs);
no smell.

And the durability of water-based paint is not very high in this case It will be beneficial for parents - the coating that is boring to children can be easily removed and replaced with the same one, but of a different color. By the way, it’s simply impossible to apply another water-based composition. The previous coating must be removed to the base, and then a new one must be applied. Water-based compositions Not suitable for painting metal, plastic, concrete and glass. But they don't have unpleasant odor.

Acrylic based products

Acrylic coloring compounds are considered to be the most universal. They differ:

bright, smooth surface;
practically complete absence odor and toxic components;
ease of use.

Acrylic paints firmly hold the leading position in the richness of color shades. Choosing colors for acrylic, toilet, hallway is often difficult due to the huge selection. The list of premises presented does not include bathrooms, and this is no coincidence. Acrylic is highly resistant to periodically changing indicators relative humidity, but immediately loses its protective properties in cases where excess humidity occurs constantly. This is explained by the following properties of acrylic paints:

good adhesion only on smooth surfaces (in particular, plastic, plywood);
low abrasive resistance of acrylic against constant mechanical influences (for example, cleaning powders or pastes);
tendency to form fungi in hard-to-reach and poorly ventilated places.

Therefore, if the bathroom does not have a reliable supply and exhaust ventilation However, painting with acrylic compounds will not significantly increase the moisture resistance of the finish coating.

Synthetic paint and varnish compositions based on high-polymer compounds are quite often used for domestic purposes. They include polyurethane paints themselves and rubber paints, which also contain polyurethane. These compounds are not very environmentally friendly when applied to the surface, but they have a very high water-repellent effect. This happens because during the application process the surface film is additionally polymerized under the influence of oxygen. During this polymerization, the molecules form a long chain, through which it is almost impossible for moisture to penetrate (particularly in the bathroom).

It is also important that the chains of macromolecules of secondary polymerization are extended in a parallel direction, so the surface has some air exchange, “breathes” well and, therefore, does not allow fungal formation processes to develop. Bathrooms painted with such compositions may not have a strong ventilation system and at the same time effectively resist the ubiquitous mold.

An obvious disadvantage of paints based on polyurethane compositions is their toxicity. Therefore, after painting, the finished bathroom surface should stand for several days until the binding of macromolecules is completed.

At the same time, we should not forget about the versatility of such paint and varnish compositions - they are suitable for processing not only plaster, but also concrete, plastic, metal, glass, plywood and even wood.

Alkyd compositions

In terms of their water-repellent properties, alkyd paints are not inferior to polyurethane paints. However, they contain quite toxic components based on heavy metal alkyds. Therefore, the use of such paints should be limited to painting technical rooms with high humidity, for example, basements. There, alkyd paints will fully reveal their operational advantages:

high surface strength;
the ability to instantly form a thick layer;
reliable adhesion to any surface.

Working with such paint and varnish compositions, it is necessary to exercise considerable caution: do not lean over the container with the dye, protect the respiratory system with a gauze bandage or a respirator, work in a well and constantly ventilated area.

Latex products

Of all the paints used in everyday life, latex paints take the lead in moisture resistance. Latex, when applied to a surface, completely separates the base from the environment. Possessing at the same time high surface strength, it will be guaranteed to withstand moisture, for example, in the bathroom. With one exception - a base that does not have the opportunity to be properly ventilated will collapse very quickly. Therefore, latex paints are ideal for moisture-resistant processing of metals, reinforced concrete, and plastic.

What to choose

When painting bathrooms with moisture resistance, the walls of which are finished with plaster coatings, plastic, concrete, plywood, acrylic paints will have undoubted advantages. For finishing plaster or drywall, but with low requirements for durability, it is permissible to use water-based paint. When finishing external surfaces, metal (for example, roofing), it would be ideal to use polyurethane or rubber paints. Latex is suitable for painting metals, glass and reinforced concrete, while alkyd enamels can be used very effectively on basement walls.

Emulsion paints include , which are diluted by adding water. IN this type paint coloring particles and elements are distributed in aquatic environment. These paints are environmentally friendly and fireproof. Resistant to water once completely dry. This type of paint can be applied to almost any surface. Surface priming is necessary when applied to metal surfaces to reduce the formation of corrosion. When painting a surface, it is necessary to remove the previous layer of glossy paint or varnish if the surface will be painted with emulsion paint. This paint does not have an unpleasant odor and is resistant to alkali.

Types of emulsion paints

There are six types of emulsion paints :

Water-based and water-dispersion paint
Acrylic paint
Polyvinyl acetate paint
Latex paint
Silicone paint

Water-based and water-dispersion paints

Water-based and water-dispersion paints They are similar in composition to each other, but there are some differences. These paints are suitable for rooms with high humidity, do not peel off easily after application and drying of the surface, and are also permeable to air and steam.

The differences include matte water-based paints, which are less resistant to moisture and wash off over time, while water-dispersion paints, on the contrary, are moisture resistant. Also, differences include a large selection of colors among water-based paints, while water-dispersion paints are presented only in white.

Acrylic paints

Acrylic paints are resistant to mechanical stress, have vapor-tight and water-repellent properties. They retain their original color for a long time. The composition of these paints includes acrylic resin, which gives this paint high elasticity and greater strength. This type paints are expensive.

Polyvinyl acetate paints

Polyvinyl acetate paints are the cheapest in cost among other types of paints. This type of paint is characterized by poor resistance to washing and subsequent loss of color. The paint is suitable for interior use and is environmentally friendly.

Latex paints

Latex paints have great potential for application, namely:

structural wallpaper for painting
painting plaster walls and ceilings
painting plasterboard walls and ceilings

The technological time for drying is up to 60 minutes, depending on the external temperature. This type of paint is the most expensive. The composition of this paint includes the chemical component latex, which gives this paint high resistance to washing without loss of the original color.

Silicone paints

Silicone paints applicable for all types mineral surfaces. This paint can be used for painting plaster surfaces two days after applying the plaster, unlike acrylic paints. This paint contains chemical element emulsified silicone resin. After technological drying of the paint, a water-repellent surface is formed, which perfectly allows air and water vapor to pass through. This type of paint is also characterized by high cost.

Alkyd paints

Alkyd paints used for painting metal structures, various designs made of wood, as well as various plastered surfaces. The composition includes the chemical element alkyd resin. This type of paint can be divided into two types: oil paint and enamel paint.

Oil paints

Part oil paints includes the main element drying oil. This paint can be diluted using turpentine, white spirit, or gasoline. Technological drying takes longer, up to 48 hours, with the release of harmful substances. Mostly used for painting external surfaces.

Enamel paints

Part enamel paints The main element is varnish. This type of paint can be used for various types surfaces, both internal and external. Characterized by quick drying, waterproof, lightfastness.

Adhesive paints

Part adhesive paints includes water-based organic polymers. These paints are produced in dry form and then diluted with water to the required consistency. Characterized by low resistance to moisture and exposure carbon dioxide. Can only be used in dry rooms. The color range is very large.

Silicate paints

Silicate paints used for painting plastered surfaces. This paint contains liquid glass and has a mineral alkaline environment. It is characterized by good breathability and resistance to temperature changes, but low water resistance. Has a limited color range.