Pine: description, care and use in design. Online catalog of ornamental garden plants “Landscape”

On the territory of Russia, as experts know, there are more than 50 species of well-known pine. This tree is valued in the timber processing industry for the special characteristics of its wood, which make it possible to widely use harvested lumber. The amount of resin produced in wood also depends on where the wood is pre-harvested.

The appearance of pine is familiar to the vast majority of Russians, since this tree grows in different climatic zones. Depending on the climate conditions of the area, pine differs somewhat in its basic characteristics.

This tree belongs to the tree, it can grow up to 50 meters in height, there are individual specimens of trees that grow over 70 meters. The tree trunk is almost straight and can reach one meter in diameter. Pine grows quickly; in construction, the tree most often used is one whose age exceeds a hundred years.

Trees that are over 160 years old are especially valued by construction experts; there is evidence that this plant can live over 500 years under favorable climatic conditions.

In construction, wood is valued for several of its most important qualities:

• Pine harvested in northern regions with a harsh climate has few knots, almost always a straight trunk and a minimum distance between annual rings. The distance between the rings affects the strength, softness and looseness of the entire lumber, so the smaller it is, the better.
• Pine contains resin between its fibers; this natural antiseptic perfectly protects the tree from microbes and rotting. Therefore, the practicality of this building material is rated five points.
• A tree has a minimal difference in diameter between its bottom and top part, which affects the ease of processing and allows you to prepare lumber of different shapes.
• Pine wood is simply processed using available tools.

These are the main parameters taken into account when choosing the right building material. But there is also certain part characteristics, which are also of no small importance. Pine wood, after a proper drying cycle, can be easily processed; it can be painted or varnished. Pine is used to make furniture; this tree is well suited for flooring, making frames, and shutters. Pine blanks are easily and firmly glued together.

Strength

For its high strength properties, pine wood is valued, the harvesting of which was carried out in northern regions. Such pine in its hardness and strength is second only to one tree - Caucasian fir.

Pine has different limits of its strength. If we calculate the bending strength of wood, it will range from 70 to 92 MPa. Strength, determined by compression along wood fibers, ranges from 40 to 49 MPa.

Natural humidity

A growing tree, that is, a tree that has not yet been cut down, has a different percentage of moisture depending on the part of the trunk. In the sapwood, the natural humidity of this tree reaches from 110 to 115%; in the core, the humidity generally remains at 33%.

The percentage of core moisture throughout the entire trunk almost always remains unchanged, and the moisture content of the sapwood at the top is higher.

There is also some fluctuation in humidity depending on the time of day and season. The most high humidity the tree is detected in the morning, in the evening it reaches a minimum, and at night it begins to increase. If you measure the humidity of a freshly cut down tree, its average value reaches 80%.

Density

Since pine belongs to the group of trees with needles, its wood has a minimum density. The average calculated value at normal, that is, standard humidity of 12%, is 505 kg / cubic meter for commonly used breeds. m. The density of pine that has gone through the drying cycle reaches 480 kg/cu.m. m.

Chemical components

The chemical composition of the entire pine tree, including needles, bark, and cones, is very diverse. Man has learned to use all the properties of the biologically active substances of this tree species for his benefit in various industries, including medicine.

Dried pine wood contains carbon, hydrogen, about forty percent oxygen and a small percentage of nitrogen. Mineral compounds are also present in wood, as well as cellulose, pentosan and lingin.

The percentage of essential chemicals depends on where the harvested tree grew. Thanks to its basic elements, wood is used to produce turpentine, which is widely used in the medical industry. In wood chemical production, rosin extracted in a special way is valued.

Color and texture of pine wood

The wood of freshly cut pine predominantly has a slightly pinkish core, which over time becomes red with a brownish tint. The color of sapwood varies from slightly yellowish to almost red. The fibers of different types of pine wood are mostly straight. And the texture is assessed by experts as medium-rough. Naturally, the color of wood depends on many factors, including the area where it grows, the age of the tree and its species.

Standards according to GOST

In order to set the grade of harvested lumber, it is necessary to use certain standards or GOST. At the same time, the diameter of the trunk, its curvature, and the presence of natural and artificial defects are assessed. All this is necessary to determine the grade of the workpiece, according to which the scope of use of the lumber is subsequently determined.

Combustion temperature and thermal conductivity

The total heat of combustion of pine wood is 4.4 kWh/kg or 1700 kWh/m³. This indicator is considered one of the best for firewood. Pine logs are widely used for heating private houses. Briquettes and production waste are often used in thermal power plants.

The thermal conductivity of pine wood increases as the density of this tree increases. In terms of thermal insulation, pine exceeds the performance of aluminum and PVC used in the manufacture of window blocks.

Types of pine trees and features of their wood

It is known that more than 50 species of pine are widespread in Russia. Some of them, due to their properties and wood texture, are valued in the wood processing industry.

Ordinary

Scots pine is found throughout Siberia, the Urals and most of Europe. The average life expectancy is about 200 years, although there are trees that have crossed the 400-year mark.

The wood of this type of pine is one of the densest, contains a large number of resin, and therefore undergoes little rotting. The properties of wood that are valuable in the manufacture of lumber, such as hardness and ease of processing, depend mainly on soil moisture and average temperature conditions.

Pine wood, which grows on dry soils, is in demand. The environmental friendliness of pine is rated five points; it is easy to breathe in pine forests, and special essential substances help destroy various infectious pathogens.

Photo of Scots pine

Siberian

Siberian pine also has another name - cedar pine. IN favorable conditions this tree grows up to 800 years. The bark of this tree is quite thin, so mechanical damage is easily caused to the wood and fungi can easily penetrate inside, causing rot.

Siberian pine can be distinguished from Scots pine by its larger resin ducts. The wood of this tree is soft, easy to process, and retains heat well. The resinous, persistent odor repels many insects, so the wood is used to make home furniture and flooring boards.

In ancient times, it was from this tree that dishes for various dairy products were made. There were no germs in it, and therefore the milk remained fresh for a long time. Ease of processing is rated five points if there are few knots on the tree.

And this is what Siberian pine looks like in the photo

Karelian

This type of tree grows in northern regions our homeland and probably because of this it is distinguished by the most popular characteristics in construction. Karelian pine has a smaller height compared to its southern relatives. It can be distinguished by its densely spaced growth rings.

The wood of this tree is especially durable, resistant to rotting processes, and is rarely affected by insect pests and fungi. Products made from Karelian pine are distinguished by the most high durability. It is Karelian pine logs that builders recommend laying on the lower crowns of a wooden house.

Photo of Karelian pine

Crimean

Crimean pine is a southern subspecies of tree that grows mainly on the slopes of the Crimean mountains. You can distinguish pine from other types of pine by its grayish bark, since other trees of this coniferous species have a reddish tint. Due to its high gas resistance, this tree is widely used for landscaping city streets in southern cities.

Photo of Crimean pine

Ship's

Ship pine is not a specific type of this tree species, but a separate tree that differs in certain characteristics. Ship pine is a tree that has a particularly smooth trunk and the smallest number of knots.

The tree must have a certain hardness and strength, and the content of resinous substances in it is also taken into account. Previously, entire groves of ship trees were specially grown, and they were given special care and supervision.

This is what ship pines look like

Blue

Blue pine is often called a special variety of this tree - Glauca. The needles of this tree have a silvery-bluish tint. Often this tree is grown in decorative purposes. The appearance of this type of pine is rated five points; this tree can successfully replace the valuable blue spruce.

Photo of blue pine

Which is better: pine or larch wood

Compared to pine, it is more durable and practically not susceptible to rotting when dry. Pine has wide sapwood, which is not removed during processing, but it must be treated with special antiseptics for strength. Larch has narrow sapwood. Pine differs from larch in its fire resistance - larch wood has almost twice the fire resistance.

Pine also has its own advantage - this wood costs almost half as much. The price of pine lumber is estimated at 4 points. When deciding which wood to choose, you need to consider what it is intended for. Experts advise during construction wooden log house on the lower crowns use larch, and then pine or spruce.

The video will tell you how to distinguish pine from spruce wood when purchasing:

osna (lat. Pinus) is an evergreen coniferous tree, shrub or dwarf tree, belongs to the coniferous class, pine order, pine family, pine genus. The lifespan of pine ranges from 100 to 600 years. Today there are single trees whose age is approaching 5 centuries.

It has not yet been established exactly what word formed the basis of the Latin name of the pine Pinus. According to some sources, this is the Celtic pin (rock or mountain), according to others - the Latin picis (resin).

Pine - description and characteristics of the tree.

The pine tree grows very quickly, especially in the first 100 years. The height of a pine trunk varies from 35 meters to 75 meters, and the diameter of the trunk can reach 4 meters. On marshy soils and unfavorable conditions growing height of centuries-old trees does not exceed 100 cm.

Pine is light-loving plant. Flowering time occurs at the end of spring, but the process occurs without the appearance of flowers. As a result, pine cones are formed, which are distinguished by a variety of shapes, sizes and colors.

Male cones of most pine species have an elongated, cylindrical-ellipsoidal shape and up to 15 cm in length. Female pine cones are mainly round, broadly ovoid or slightly flattened, from 4 to 8 cm long. The color of the cones, depending on the species, can be yellow , brown, brick red, purple and almost black.

Pine seeds have a hard shell and are either winged or wingless. Some species of pines (pine pines) have seeds that are edible.

Pine is a tree whose crown has a conical shape, turning into something like a huge umbrella in old age. The structure of the cortex also depends on age. If at the beginning of its life cycle it is smooth and almost without cracks, then by the age of one hundred it acquires considerable thickness, cracks and acquires a dark gray color.

The appearance of the tree is formed by long shoots that become woody over time, on which needles and needles grow. Pine needles are smooth, hard and sharp, collected in bunches and have a life span of up to 3 years. The shape of pine needles is triangular or sectoral. Their length ranges from 4 to 20 cm. Depending on the number of leaves (needles) in a bunch of pine trees there are:

• two-coniferous (for example, Scots pine, maritime pine),
• three-coniferous (for example, Bunge pine),
• five-coniferous (for example, Siberian pine, Weymouth pine, Japanese white pine).

Depending on the type, the pine trunk can be straight or curved. Shrub varieties of pine have a multi-peaked, creeping crown formed by several trunks.

The shape of the pine crown depends on the species and can be

• round,
• conical,
• pin-shaped
• creeping.

In most species, the crown is located quite high, but in some varieties, for example, the Macedonian pine (lat. Pinus peuce), the crown begins almost at the ground.

The plant is unpretentious to soil quality. The pine root system is plastic and depends on growing conditions. In sufficiently moist soils, the roots of the tree spread parallel to the surface for a distance of up to 10 meters and go down shallowly. In dry soils, the tap root of the tree goes 6-8 m deep. Pine reacts poorly to urban, polluted and gassed air. Moreover, almost all representatives of the genus tolerate low temperatures well.

Where does pine grow?

Basically, pine trees grow in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, the boundaries of growth extend from northern Africa to areas beyond the Arctic Circle, including Russia, European countries, North America, and Asia. Pine forms both pine forests and mixed forests together with spruce and other trees. Currently, thanks to artificial cultivation, this type of pine tree, such as radiata pine, can be found in Australia, New Zealand, Madagascar and even South Africa.

16 are widespread in Russia wild species pine trees, among which the common pine occupies a leading place. Siberian cedar is widespread in Siberia. Korean cedar is often found in the Amur region. Mountain pines grow in the mountainous regions from the Pyrenees to the Caucasus. Crimean pines are found in the mountains of Crimea and the Caucasus.

Types of pine trees, photos and names.

• Scots pine(lat. Pinus sylvestris) grows in Europe and Asia. The tallest pine trees can be found on the southern shore Baltic Sea: some specimens have a height of up to 40-50 m. Other pines grow up to 25-40 m and have a trunk diameter of 0.5 to 1.2 m. Scots pine has a straight trunk with a thick gray-brown bark, cut with deep cracks. The upper part of the trunk and branches are covered with thin flaky orange-red bark. Young pines are distinguished by a cone-shaped crown; with age, the branches take on a horizontal arrangement, and the crown becomes wide and rounded. Scots pine wood is a valuable building material due to its resin content and high strength. Ethanol is produced from pine sawdust, and essential oils and rosin are produced from resin. Scots pine varieties: Alba Picta, Albyns, Aurea, Beuvronensis, Bonna, Candlelight, Chantry Blue, Compressa, Frensham, Glauca, Globosa Viridis, Hillside Creeper, Jeremy, Moseri, Norske Typ, Repanda, Viridid ​​Compacta, Fastigiata, Watereri and others.

• Siberian cedar pine, she's the same Siberian cedar(lat. Pinus sibirica)- the closest relative of Scots pine, and not true cedars, as many mistakenly believe. A tree up to 40 m high (usually up to 20-25 m) is distinguished by thick branches and a dense crown with many tops. The straight, even trunk of the pine tree has a gray-brown color. The needles are soft, long (up to 14 cm), dark green, with a bluish bloom. Siberian cedar begins to bear fruit at about 60 years of age. It produces large, ovoid-shaped cones that grow up to 13 cm in length and 5-8 cm in diameter. At the beginning of growth they are purple in color, when mature they turn brown. The ripening period of the cones is 14-15 months, falling begins in September of the next year. One Siberian pine pine produces up to 12 kg of nuts per season. Siberian cedar is a typical inhabitant of the dark coniferous taiga in Western and Eastern Siberia.

• Swamp pine (long-coniferous) (lat. Pinus palustris)- a massive tree that grows up to 47 m in height and has a trunk diameter of up to 1.2 m. Distinctive features of the species are yellow-green needles, the length of which can reach 45 cm, and exceptional fire resistance of the wood. Longleaf pine is native to southeastern North America, from Virginia and North Carolina to Louisiana and Texas.

• Montezuma pine (white pine)(lat. Pinus montezumae) grows up to 30 m in height and has long (up to 30 cm) grayish-green needles, collected in bunches of 5 pieces. The tree received its name in honor of the last Aztec leader, Montezuma, who decorated his headdress with the needles of this pine tree. White pine grows in western North America and Guatemala. In many countries with temperate climates it is grown as an ornamental plant, as well as for collecting edible nuts.

• dwarf pine, she's the same cedar dwarf(lat. Pinus pumila)- a type of low bush-like trees with widely spread branches, characterized by a variety of crown shapes, which can be tree-like, creeping or cup-shaped. Tree-like specimens grow up to 4-5 m, rarely up to 7 m in height. The branches of creeping pines are pressed to the ground, and their tips are raised by 30-50 cm. The needles of dwarf pine are bluish-green in color, from 4 to 8 cm long. Pine cones are medium-sized, ovoid or elongated shape. The nuts are small, up to 9 mm in length and 4-6 mm in width. In a good year, up to 2 centners of nuts can be collected from 1 hectare. Elfin cedar is an unpretentious plant, adapted to the harsh northern climate. Widely distributed from Primorye to Kamchatka, in the north of its range it extends beyond the Arctic Circle. Varieties of dwarf pine: Blue Dwarf, Glauca, Globe, Chlorocarpa, Draijer’s Dwarf, Jeddeloh, Jermyns, Nana, Saentis.

• , she's the same Pallas pine(lat. Pinus nigra subsp. Pallasiana, Pinus pallasiana)- a tall tree (up to 45 m), with a wide, pyramidal, umbrella-shaped crown in old age. The pine needles are dense, prickly, up to 12 cm long, the cones are shiny, brown, oblong, up to 10 cm long. Crimean pine is listed in the Red Book, but is used as a valuable building material, in particular for shipbuilding, and also as decorative tree for park landscaping and creation of protective forest belt. Crimean pine grows in Crimea (mainly on the southern slopes of Yalta) and in the Caucasus.

• Mountain pine, she's the same European dwarf pine or zherep (lat. Pinus mugo)- a tree-like shrub with a pin-shaped or creeping multi-stemmed crown. The needles are twisted or curved, dark green, up to 4 cm long. Wood with a red-brown core is widely used in carpentry and turning. Young shoots and pine cones are used in the cosmetics industry and medicine. Zherep is a typical representative of the alpine and subalpine climatic zone of Southern and Central Europe. Mountain pine and its varieties are very often used in landscape design. Most famous varieties are Gnome, Pug, Chao-chao, Winter Gold, Mugus, Pumilio, Varella, Carstens and others.

• Whitebark pine, she's the same white trunk pine(lat. Pinus albicaulis) It has smooth light gray bark. The straight or twisting trunk of the pine tree grows up to 21 m in height and looks almost white from a distance. In young trees the crown has the shape of a cone, becoming rounded with age. The needles are curved, short (up to 3-7 cm in length), intense yellow-green color. Male cones are elongated, bright red, female cones are distinguished by a spherical or flattened shape. The edible seeds of the whitebark pine are an important source of food for many animals: the American butternut squirrel, red squirrel, grizzly and baribal bears. Golden woodpeckers and blue siales often nest in the treetops. White-trunked pines grow in the mountainous regions of the subalpine belt of North America (Cascade Mountains, Rocky Mountains). Popular pine varieties: Duckpass, Falling Rock, Glenn Lake, Mini, Tioga Lake, Nr1 Dwarf.

• Himalayan pine, she's the same Bhutanese pine or Wallich pine(lat. Pinus wallichiana)- a tall, beautiful tree, widely cultivated throughout the world as an ornamental tree. The average height of pine is 30-50 m. Himalayan pine grows in the mountains from Afghanistan to the Chinese province of Yunnan. Varieties of Himalayan pine: Densa Hill, Nana, Glauca, Vernisson, Zebrina.

• (Italian pine) (lat. Pinus pinea)- a very beautiful tree 20-30 meters high with a dark green, compact crown, which with age takes the shape of an umbrella due to outstretched branches. Pine needles are long (up to 15 cm), elegant, dense, with a slight bluish tint. Pine has almost round large cones up to 15 cm long. Pine seeds are 4 times larger than pine nuts; up to 8 tons of nuts are obtained from 1 hectare. The famous pesto sauce is prepared from crushed pine seeds, called pinoli in Italy. Due to the exceptionally beautiful shape of the crown, pine pine is valuable ornamental plant, actively used in the art of bonsai. IN natural environment pine grows along the Mediterranean coast, from the Iberian Peninsula to Asia Minor. Cultivated in Crimea and the Caucasus.

• Black pine, she's the same Austrian black pine (lat. Pinus nigra) grows in the northern part of the Mediterranean, less common in certain areas of Morocco and Algeria. The tree, with a height of 20 to 55 meters, prefers to grow in the mountains or on rocks of igneous origin and often grows at an altitude of 1300-1500 meters above sea level. The crown of young trees is pyramidal, becoming umbrella-shaped with age. The needles are long, 9-14 cm, a very dark shade of green; depending on the variety, they can be either shiny or matte. The species is quite decorative and is often used by conifer lovers for landscape plantings. Popular varieties of black pine are Pierik Bregon, Pyramidalis, Austriaca, Bambino.

• , she's the same eastern white pine (lat. Pinus strobus). Under natural conditions, the species grows in the northeast of North America and the southeastern provinces of Canada. Less common in Mexico and Guatemala. A tree with a perfectly straight trunk, reaching a girth of 130-180 cm, can grow up to 67 meters in height. The crown of young pines is cone-shaped, with age it becomes rounded, and more often irregular in shape. The color of the bark is slightly purple, the needles are straight or slightly curved, 6.5-10 cm long. Weymouth pine is widely used in construction, as well as in forestry due to its numerous varieties. The most popular pine varieties: Аurea, Blue Shag, Вrevifolia, Сontorta, Densa.

• is an ecotype of common pine (lat. Pinus sylvestris). The species is widespread in Siberia, in the area of ​​the Angara River basin, and occupies quite large areas in the forests of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as the Irkutsk region. Angara pine can grow up to 50 m in height, with the trunk girth often reaching 2 meters. The crown of the pines is pyramidal, with a sharp crown; the bark has an amazing ash-silver hue.

Planting and caring for pine trees.

Pine wood is used for landscaping park areas, sanatoriums and personal plots. For this purpose, seedlings aged from 3 to 7 years are used. The best soil for pine is sandy soil. For heavy soils, additional drainage is carried out. A distance of at least 1.5 m should be left between seedlings.

Adult trees do not need additional watering; only young plantings need it. For better survival of seedlings, they are fed with mineral fertilizers for the first 2 years. To avoid freezing, young animals should be covered for the winter. Pruning of adult plants is necessary to form the crown and remove diseased branches.

Draijer's Dwarf dwarf pine

The healing properties of pine were discovered by our distant ancestors: clay tablets 5 thousand years old with recipes for extracts from pine needles were discovered during excavations of ancient Sumerian settlements. Pine needles are rich in phytoncidal volatile substances that disinfect the air, which is why medical institutions and children's camps try to locate them in pine forests.

Pine buds and needles have a truly unique chemical composition, containing a lot of substances beneficial to the human body:

• vitamins C, K, B, PP and E;
• carotene;
• essential oil;
• tannins;
• alkaloids;
• terpenes;
• benzoic acid;
• lignins.

In folk and traditional medicine There are many recipes for using pine buds and needles that help fight many serious ailments. Here are some of them:

• hypoxia (oxygen deficiency in tissues and organs);
• cardiovascular diseases;
• osteochondrosis;
• neuralgia;
• rheumatism;
• BPH;
• bleeding gums.

Highest concentration useful substances contained in needles 2-3 summer age and in swollen, but not yet blossoming pine buds.

Pine essential oil is used to treat colds (bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, etc.). In psychotherapy it is used to treat nervous disorders.

Resins and pine tar are used to prepare ointments needed in dermatology.

Contraindications for taking pine-based drugs are chronic renal and liver failure and pregnancy.

Pine wood is a valuable material that has been used by humans for many centuries. It is impossible to do without it in the construction of private houses and household buildings, and wood is used both as the main and as the external finishing material. Pine wood is used to produce durable, beautiful and inexpensive furniture, parquet and veneer. Pine wood is indispensable in the construction of certain types of bridges and railway tracks, where it is used in the form of manufactured piles and sleepers. Wood wool is produced from pine wood, and pine firewood are considered one of the best in terms of heat output.

Pine for the New Year.

Traditionally in Russian homes it was customary to New Year decorate the Christmas tree. But with the advent of many nurseries where special decorative varieties pine trees, most Russians strive to buy pine for the New Year.

Such trees look simply luxurious: they are distinguished by a beautiful compact shape with strong branches and long fluffy needles. In addition, pine, compared to Christmas tree, does not crumble much longer and has a refreshing, pleasant, resinous aroma.

• For many nationalities, pine is a symbol of fertility and immortality, and according to one legend, pine is a beautiful nymph bewitched by the jealous god of the winds.
• In the old days, it was believed that a talisman made from a piece of pine wood protected against damage and the evil eye, drove away evil spirits and relieved many diseases.
• Petrified pine resin (resin) is the well-known amber. If an arthropod animal fell into a drop of hardening resin, then amber with an inclusion more than 1 cm in length is classified as a precious stone.
• Thanks to the powerful antiseptic properties in the pine forest, there are only 500 microbes per 1 cubic meter of air, and in the metropolis - 36 thousand!

Scots pine is a tree that grows everywhere and is familiar from childhood. The pine forest is a favorite vacation spot for family and friends. This tree has been known to mankind for many millennia, its uses are multifaceted, and its benefits cannot be overestimated.

Scots pine, or forest pine, Pinus sylvestris L., is a coniferous tree from a large family of the same name. On average, a tree lives up to 200 years (sometimes one and a half times longer) and grows to almost 50 m in height. Moreover, its trunk can reach a diameter of up to a meter. The yellow-red bark peels off at times and is replaced by young bark.

The shape and depth of the root system depends on living conditions. In dry places it grows a powerful and deep tap root. And when groundwater is shallow, lateral roots close to the surface predominate, occupying a large area.

A pair arrangement of needles several centimeters long is observed. It is located on the branches in a spiral and changes every 2-3 years. Flowering with lots of pollen is observed in early summer. There are two types of fruits (spikelets) - female and male. Female specimens with wind-pollinated ovules turn into cones with seeds ripening in them. Essentially, cones are young shoots. At first they are green, but after a year and a half they become woody and brown.

By that time, the seeds contained in them ripen. By the end of winter, the cones open completely. And in the spring, light seeds equipped with long wings are dispersed. Once on the soil, many of them germinate.

Scots pine is a tree that grows everywhere and is familiar from childhood.

Where does Scots pine grow?

The habitat of Scots pine is extensive - it grows in forests, forest-steppes and steppes. It is found in mountains, uplands, river valleys, wetlands and sandy plains and even on rocks.

This unpretentious plant is cultivated in artificial forest belts and city parks. Pine is not demanding on the structure and nutritional value of the soil, tolerates cold and drought well, and easily adapts to natural conditions. It grows in separate tracts and also goes well with other coniferous or deciduous trees. The only factor to which it is sensitive is light. Pine is a light-loving plant.

There are three varieties of Scots pine:

• P.s. hamata– grows in the Balkans, Turkey and the Caucasus in the highlands.
• P.s. lapponika- lives in Scandinavia, northern Russia, Karelia and even the Arctic. In northern conditions, the shrubby and creeping form of the plant is common.
• P.s. mongolica(Mongolian) - common in China, Mongolia, and Siberia. It is this variety of pine that is most often found in the European part of the country.

Gallery: Scots pine (25 photos)

Medicinal uses of pine (video)

Medicinal and beneficial properties of pine

Scots pine, thanks to the unique complex of substances included in its composition - vitamins K, P, C, group B, mineral salts of tannins, essential oil and others - has numerous diverse beneficial properties that are used in the treatment and prevention of various diseases. Preparations with vasodilating, diuretic, anti-radiation, disinfectant and other effects are made from various parts of the plant. Here A short list of some of the possibilities for using pine:

• A decoction is prepared from pine buds, used as an expectorant and disinfectant for bronchitis. Pine honey is also obtained from them, which is an excellent remedy for boosting immunity. Kidney medications help get rid of tuberculosis. And the resin extracted from them heals deep wounds and ulcers.
• Essential oil and extract from pine needles– reliable assistants for the treatment of respiratory diseases, used for inhalations and special baths. Infusions and tea made from pine needles, rich in vitamin C, support the immune system and fight colds and high fevers.
• Gum turpentine It also cleanses the air of germs, helps with coughs, and as part of balms and ointments it is also useful for colds, rheumatism, and gout.
• Tar, obtained from a medicinal plant, is used in ointments for scabies, eczema, and lichen.
• Exactly pine wood is being manufactured Activated carbon , used for poisoning, bloating and other gastrointestinal problems.
• Choleretic drugs are prepared from pine, used for diseases of the liver and gall bladder.
• Helps get rid of excess weight.

The habitat of Scots pine is extensive - it grows in forests, forest-steppes and steppes

Used pine parts and their preparation

IN medicinal purposes The following parts of Scots pine are used: needles, buds, pollen, resin, sawdust and tar. The buds are collected in the first half of spring, when they have already swollen, but have not yet had time to bloom. Medicinal raw materials are dried at a temperature not lower than 20 degrees.

Young needles are harvested along with shoots in winter. It is best to store it under snow or in the cold. Then all the vitamins are stored for several months. At room temperature even in a container with water they last only a few days, and even less without it.

Pollen is collected in dry weather in May, when the plant blooms. It can only be stored in a hermetically sealed container. Resin is extracted during the growing season using complex technology from adults intended for cutting down trees. The cones are harvested while they are still green, and this is done in the summer.

The collection of pine buds is carried out in the first half of spring, when they have already swollen, but have not yet had time to bloom

The use of Scots pine in folk medicine

There are hundreds of recipes for using pine for medicinal purposes, here are some of them:

• For pain in the heart, an infusion of young cones is prepared. Pour into a glass container filled with green raw materials warm water and leave it in a warm room for a week. The product is drunk three times a day, one spoon at a time before meals.
• For bronchitis, rheumatism, dropsy and problems with the liver and gastrointestinal tract, a decoction of the kidneys is used. A spoonful of dry raw materials is poured with a glass of boiling water and left for a couple of half an hour. Then water is added to the cooled and strained substrate until the original volume is obtained. It should be drunk in equal portions after meals throughout the day.
• For vitamin deficiency and scurvy, freshly brewed pine needles are sweetened with sugar or honey and drunk instead of tea.
• For diseases of the upper respiratory tract, a decoction of pine buds is prepared in milk. To do this, you need two spoons of raw materials and half a liter of milk, which is boiled for a couple of tens of minutes, infused for ten minutes and filtered. A glass of decoction is drunk in equal doses several times during the day. The remainder of the drug can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 3 days.

How to use pine buds (video)

• For rheumatism, problems and damage to the skin, baths with infusion of buds or pine needles are useful. To do this, a kilogram of raw materials is kept in four liters of boiling water for three hours. Water procedure with this remedy do ten times for 15 minutes a day.
• Cough remedy. Pour the green cones into a liter jar, add 5 tablespoons of sugar and leave covered for a couple of days until it dissolves. After this, add Cahors to the jar and, after thoroughly shaking the contents, keep it in a dark place for a month. Adults can drink a spoonful of the infusion before meals. It is contraindicated for children.
• For tuberculosis and bronchitis, an infusion of kidneys is prepared. In this case, a quarter glass of raw material is infused in a glass of 70% alcohol for 2 weeks. The maximum permissible dose of the medicine is 30 drops three times a day.
• Cream for oily and problem skin. For this, a spoonful of pine needles is poured with half a glass of boiling water, wrapped and infused for an hour. Add 5 grams of glycerin to the resulting and strained substrate, mix everything. The following components are also needed: 2-3 tablespoons of melted high-quality butter, olive oil and camphor alcohol, a couple of spoons of honey, 2 raw yolks. It is important to mix the resulting mixture well. Then, pour into a glass container and store it chilled.

Pine pollen is collected during dry weather in May, when the plant blooms.

Uses of pine in other areas

Scots pine is widely used in many areas of the economy:

• The roots are suitable for weaving baskets and various crafts.
• Pine resin serves as the basis for producing varnish, rosin, and turpentine.
• Young cones and branches are suitable for making red and black paints.
• Needles are used to make preparations to control pests of fruit trees. It is used in veterinary medicine and also serves as an integral part of winter animal feed.
• Needles are also used as a raw material for many types of perfume products, as padding material for furniture, and for the manufacture of ropes and ropes.
• Pine wood is strong, resinous, light and does not bend easily. It is an excellent building material (houses, ships, dams, etc.). Furniture and some parts of musical instruments are made from it.
• Rosin is used in the manufacture of varnishes, sealing wax, plaster, soldering, and soap making. Musicians rub their bows with it.
• Pine is also natural amber. It is used for jewelry and other decorations, and is used in optics, electrical insulators, and medical instruments.

When growing pine trees in your dacha, you not only beautify the area by decorating it with these austere, slender trees with a tent-shaped crown, but also purify the air throughout the surrounding area. The places where these giants grow are considered environmentally friendly, because it’s not for nothing that dispensaries for people with respiratory pathologies are being built near pine groves.

Coniferous tree pine ( Pinus) belongs to the Pine family (Pinaceae). The genus is diverse and includes more than 100 different species growing in the Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic Circle to Guatemala, the West Indies, North Africa and Indonesia. All species are inhabitants of mountains and montane forests of the Northern Hemisphere, and only Merku pine (Pinus merkusii) grows in Burma in the Southern Hemisphere.

After reading this material, you will be able to see the photos and botanical description species and varieties of pine trees, learn about their cultivation and use in landscape design:

What a pine tree looks like: photo and botanical description

Pines are slender evergreen trees. Most species reach a height of 50-75 m, with widely spaced, whorled branches. The crown of pine trees changes with age: in young trees it has a compact pin-shaped shape, in adults it is umbrella-shaped. This is due to the fact that the annual growths of adult plants are short and appear at the ends of highly branched shoots, while the growths of young shoots are long and weakly branched. The bark of all types of pines is lumpy or scaly.

Pine needles are always needle-like. In species of the subgenus Strobus it is soft, thin, collected in bunches of 5, less often 3,4 or 8 pieces. In species of the subgenus Pinus - hard, dense, collected in bunches of 2 pieces. The length of pine needles, depending on the type, can range from 2 to 30 cm with a width of only 1-2 mm. When describing the pine tree, it is worth noting that the longest and softest needles are those of heat-loving southern species. The most famous soft-coniferous species is the South American Mantezuma pine (Pinus montezumae) - its needles are so soft that they are used to stuff pillows and mattresses.

Male “flowers” ​​of pine trees are collected in bunches at the base of young elongated shoots; they are yellow, orange or red. Pollen is very light and can be carried by the wind over gigantic distances. The seeds are produced in cones that form after pollination of the female “inflorescences.” They are located at the ends of the shoots and consist of a central axis on which covering scales are arranged spirally, in whose axils the seed scales are hidden.

Look what pine trees look like in their natural habitat in these photos:

Mature cones are always woody, rounded, ovoid or cylindrical, straight or curved, pendulous or upward-pointing. They ripen in the second, less often in the third year. The size of the cones ranges from 3 cm long in some forms of mountain pine to 40-50 cm long in the heat-loving American Coulter and Lambert pines.).

Pines are one of the most beautiful trees, revered by all peoples at all times. Several references have been found to what pine trees look like in ancient treatises. It is no coincidence that legends and stories about power and longevity are associated with them, and it is these trees that personify strength and nobility. The Latin name of the genus Pinus - Pinus - comes from the ancient Greek legend about the nymph Pitis, turned into a tree by the jealous wind god Boreas. The prototype of this legendary tree is undoubtedly the Mediterranean pine (Pinus pinea).

Below are photos and descriptions of popular types of pine trees.

Pinus bunksiana- Banks Pine

The main habitat is eastern North America, the northern provinces of Canada. Has an irregular growth pattern. The trunks are densely branched, and the branches themselves are slightly curved, pointed, growing both parallel to the ground and upward. Young branches are light, yellow-green, and later acquire a brown color.

As you can see in the photo, this pine has hard, short, curved, pointed needles, 2 needles in a bunch, green:

The cones are sessile, erect, ovoid-pointed, sometimes curved, arranged from 1 to 4. Up to 8 cm long, up to 4 cm thick. Their maturation can occur over several years, and all this time they can remain closed. In its youth, even on poor soils, this pine grows quite actively. Subsequently, its growth slows down. The usual height of trees is about 20 m and width 30 cm. Rare specimens are both taller and wider. The annual growth of this pine is within 20 cm, the tree is completely drought-resistant and winter-hardy. It has many garden cultivars, which in recent years have been actively introduced into Russian gardens.

Pinus banksiana Arktis

Creeping, dwarf variety of Banks pine. Fixing the leading shoot at an angle of 45-60 degrees relative to the ground helps give this variety a very interesting shape. The branches are curved and have different lengths. The needles are short, prickly, green, annual growth is 8-10 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus banksiana Chippewa

Mini variety of Banks pine. Round shape. The needles are short, prickly, green. Annual growth is 5-7 cm, completely frost-resistant.

Pinus banksiana Manomet

Mini variety of Banks pine. Rounded in shape, with age it can put forward a leading shoot. The needles are short, prickly, green. Annual growth is 5-7 cm. At the age of 15, the estimated dimensions are: 80-100 cm in width, 60 cm in height. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus banksiana Repens

A dwarf variety of Banks pine. Creeping, cushion-shaped. The needles are short, prickly, green. Annual growth is 7-12 cm. Estimated size at 20 years of age: 3-3.5 m in width, 80-100 cm in height. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus banksiana Schneverdingen

Pinus banksiana Tear Drop

Mini variety of Banks pine. Round-oval shape. The needles are short, prickly, green. Annual growth is 5-7 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus banksiana Neponset

Mini variety of Banks pine. Round-oval shape. The needles are short, prickly, green. Annual growth is 5-7 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus cembra- European cedar pine

Found in the Alps, Carpathians and Siberia. The Siberian variety is better known as Pinus sibirica - Siberian cedar or Siberian cedar pine.

European cedar pine is a tree 10-25 m high. Young plants are wide-pyramidal, adults acquire a voluminous crown. The branches of this type of pine are thick, flexible, and unevenly located. Young growth shoots are rusty-red and felt-like, mature shoots are black-gray. Young bark is gray-green, mature bark is greenish-brown, wrinkled. The needles are collected in bundles of 5 pieces. and last 3-5 years. They are green above, bluish below, thin, straight, up to 7 cm long. Cones are formed only at the age of 40-80 years. Young cones are purple, mature ones are light brown, up to 8 cm in diameter. The seeds (“pine nuts”) ripen in the second year.

In cultivation it grows slowly and absolutely does not tolerate heavy clay soils and close groundwater. Frost-resistant. In mountainous areas, “witch’s broom” quite often forms on this pine tree.

For a long time it was considered unpromising for cultivation in gardens in the northern temperate zone of Russia. In the last 5 years, the situation has changed, and cultivars of this pine began to appear more often in our gardens, but it is still premature to draw final conclusions about their full sustainability in the Russian climate.

Pinus cembra Alter Hund

Pinus cembra Aureovariegata

A dwarf variety of European pine. Pyramid shape. This variety of European pine has green-golden needles throughout the summer. At a young age, the annual growth of branches is within 15 cm. The leading shoot can grow up to 30 cm. this moment The final sizes for this variety have not yet been determined. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus cembra Diamant

Mini variety of European cedar pine. spherical shape. The needles are rich, green-blue, sometimes whitish-silver. Annual growth is 4-7 cm. Completely frost-resistant,

• Pinus cembra Ikarus. Mini variety of European cedar pine. Dense spherical shape. The needles are rich, green-blue, sometimes whitish-silver. Annual growth is 4-6 cm, completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus cembra Frieda. Mini variety of European cedar pine. Spherical-oval shape. The needles are rich, green-blue. The annual growth of this pine variety is up to 4-7 cm. It is completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus cembra Hirschbichlalm. Mini variety of European cedar pine. spherical shape. The needles are rich, green-blue, sometimes whitish-silver. Annual growth is 4-7 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus cembra Kaunertal. Mini variety of European cedar pine. spherical shape. The needles are rich, green-blue, sometimes whitish-silver. Annual growth is 5-7 cm, completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus cembra Lagazuoi.
• Pinus cembra Leo . Mini variety of European cedar pine. Globular-oval shape, needles rich, green-blue, sometimes whitish-silver. Annual growth is 4-7 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus cembra Maria Flora. Mini variety of European cedar pine, spherical shape. The needles are rich, green-blue, Annual growth is 5-7 cm. Completely frost-resistant,
• Pinus cembra Mercedes. Mini variety of European cedar pine. spherical shape. The needles are rich, green-blue, sometimes whitish-silver. Annual growth is 3-6 cm, completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus cembra Niederalm. Mini variety of European cedar pine. spherical shape. The needles are rich, green-blue, sometimes whitish-silver. Annual growth is 3-7 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus cembra Passo Erbe. Mini variety of European cedar pine. spherical shape. The needles are rich, green-blue, sometimes whitish-silver. Annual growth is 3-5 cm, completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus cembra Perla. Mini variety of European cedar pine. Dense, spherical-oval shape. The needles are rich, green-blue, sometimes whitish-silver. Annual growth is 3-5 cm, completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus cembra Schneekonig. Mini variety of European cedar pine. Globular shape, needles rich, green-blue, sometimes whitish-silver. Annual growth is 4-7 cm, completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus cembra St. Catarina. Mini variety of European cedar pine. Spherical-oval shape. The needles are rich, green-blue, sometimes whitish-silver. Annual growth is 4-7 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus cembra St. Christina. Mini variety of European cedar pine. Dense, spherical shape. The needles are rich, green-blue, sometimes whitish-silver. Annual growth is 3-5 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus cembra St. Ulrich. Mini variety of European cedar pine. Dense, spherical shape. The needles are rich, green-blue, sometimes whitish-silver. Annual growth is 3-5 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus cembra Stricta. A dwarf variety of European pine. Oval in shape, the branches fit tightly to the main trunk. The needles are blue-green. Annual growth is 10-12 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus cembra Steiner. Mini variety of European cedar pine, spherical-oval shape. The needles are rich, green-blue. Annual growth is 4-7 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus cembra Stoderzinken 4. Mini variety of European cedar pine. spherical shape. The needles are rich, green-blue, sometimes whitish-silver. Annual growth is 3-6 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus cembra Turrach 4. Mini variety of European cedar pine. spherical shape. The needles are rich, green-blue, sometimes whitish-silver. Annual growth within 5 cm. Completely frost-resistant,
• Pinus cembra Drei Zinnen. Mini variety of European cedar pine. Dense, spherical-oval shape. The needles are rich, green-blue, sometimes whitish-silver. Annual growth is 3-5 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus contorta- Twisted pine

It grows in North America, on the Pacific coast, and also in the highlands. The height of mature trees is up to 50 m, width 70-90 cm. The crown is spreading.

Look at the photo - this type of pine has thin, brown bark:

The branches are thin, whorled at the ends. The needles are green, twisted, with two needles in a bunch. The cones are elongated-ovoid, ellipsoidal, up to 5 cm. They do not open for several years. The root system is superficial.

Garden cultivars are very decorative. In recent years, they have been actively planted in Russian gardens. It is frost-resistant, but it is somewhat premature to draw final conclusions about its complete stability in the Russian climate.

Pinus contorta Chief Joseph

Golden variety of lodgepole pine. Dwarf, pyramidal, densely branched form. The branches are densely pubescent. The needles are long, pointed, green in summer. It begins to turn yellow in late autumn and retains a bright golden color until spring. Annual growth is within 10-15 cm. The variety has been tested in several gardens in the northern temperate zone of Russia for 3-5 years. It has proven to be completely frost-resistant. In plants planted on open spaces, in early spring, slight burning of needles on the current year's growth is possible.

Pinus contorta Golden Striker

Golden variety of lodgepole pine. Dwarf, cushion-shaped, flattened shape. The branches are thin and curved. The needles are long and pointed. It acquires its richest bright golden color in early spring. During the summer, light green. Annual growth is within 10 cm. The variety has been tested in several gardens in the northern temperate zone of Russia for 3-5 years. Proved to be completely frost-resistant. In plants planted in open spaces, in early spring, slight burning of needles on the current year's growth is possible. Recommended planting in sparse partial shade.

Pinus contorta Krnak

A dwarf variety of lodgepole pine. Very dense, densely branched, rounded oval shape. The needles are long, curved and twisted, dark green. Annual growth is within 15 cm. The variety has been tested in several gardens in the northern temperate zone of Russia for 3-5 years. It has shown itself to be completely frost-resistant and tolerant of sunlight.

Pinus contorta Taylor's Sunburst

Medium-sized golden variety of lodgepole pine. Widely pyramidal, densely branched form. The needles are long, pointed, soft. It acquires its richest bright golden color in early spring. The golden color of the growths lasts for 5-6 weeks. By autumn, the growths turn pale and then turn green. Annual growth at a young age is up to 15 cm. With age it increases to 25 cm. The variety has been tested in several gardens in the northern temperate zone of Russia for 3-5 years. Proved to be completely frost-resistant and tolerant of sunlight.

Pinus flexilis- Soft pine (flexible)

High mountain pine grows in western North America, as well as in the Rocky Mountains, at altitudes up to 3000 m above sea level. The height of the trees is up to 25 m, the crown is pyramidal and wide. In open spaces, the height is within 15 m. When describing this type of pine, it is especially worth noting its curved branches. The bark is dark, brown. The needles are 5 in a bunch, pointed, green, bluish-white on the reverse side. The cones are oval-cylindrical, sessile, up to 15 cm. Garden cultivars are very decorative. In recent years, they have been actively planted in Russian gardens. It is frost-resistant, but it is somewhat premature to draw final conclusions about its complete stability in the Russian climate. Has a large number of garden cultivars.

The varieties of this pine have not yet been studied enough. Therefore, their description and dimensions may not always be correct.

Pinus flexilis Arapaho

Mini variety of soft pine. Dense, spherical-oval shape. The needles are 5-6 cm long, dense, green, the back side is bluish-white. Annual growth is 5-6 cm. It is frost-resistant, but it is somewhat premature to draw final conclusions about its complete stability in the Russian climate.

Pinus flexilis Aztek

Mini variety of soft pine. Very dense, spherical shape. The needles are short, soft, green, the back side is bluish-white. Annual growth is 3-5 cm. It is frost-resistant, but it is somewhat premature to draw final conclusions about its complete stability in the Russian climate.

Pinus flexilis Komanche

Mini variety. Spherical-oval shape. The needles are short, hard, blue-green, the back side is bluish-white. Vegetating shoots are light green. Annual growth is 4-6 cm. It is frost-resistant, but it is somewhat premature to draw final conclusions about its complete stability in the Russian climate.

Pinus flexilis Horstmann

Dwarf. Cushion-shaped, creeping shape. The needles are soft and green. Annual growth is 10-12 cm. It is frost-resistant, but it is somewhat premature to draw final conclusions about its complete stability in the Russian climate.

Pinus koraiensis- Korean pine, or Korean cedar pine

Grows in the forests of the Far East, Japan and China. By appearance quite close to the species Pinus cembra, from which it is sometimes called Korean cedar.

The tree is 25-35 m high. In young plants the crown is broadly oval, in adults it is wide and rather loose. The branches are thick, flexible, and unevenly located. Young growth shoots are powerful green with dense red-brown pubescence, mature shoots are black and gray. The needles are green on top, but white-gray below and on the sides, thin, straight, 8-10 cm long, collected in sparse bunches of 5 pieces. and fall off in the second year. The cones are apical, almost sessile, and are formed only at the age of 40-60 years. Young cones are purple, mature ones are golden, 10-14 cm in diameter. The seeds, similar to “pine nuts,” ripen in the second year.

In culture it is quite frost-resistant, but it is somewhat premature to draw final conclusions about its complete stability in the Russian climate. It has a large number of garden cultivars with different growth forms.

Pinus koraiensis Amba

Mini variety of Korean pine. spherical shape. The needles are long, straight, soft, green-blue, silver. Annual growth is 3-5 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus koraiensis Blue Ball

Mini variety of Korean pine. Compact, spherical shape. The needles are long, straight, soft, green-blue, silver. Annual growth is 3-5 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus koraiensis China Baby

Mini variety of Korean pine. spherical shape. The needles are long, soft, green-blue. Annual growth is 4-7 cm, completely frost-resistant.

• Pinus koraiensis China Boy . Mini variety of Korean pine. spherical shape. The needles are short, soft, green-blue. Annual growth is 3-5 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus koraiensis Dragon Eye. Medium-sized variety of Korean pine. Dense, pyramidal shape. The needles are long, soft, hanging. Blue-green, has yellow stripes. Annual growth is 15-20 cm. Frost-resistant.
• Pinus koraiensis Shibanichi. Medium-sized variety of Korean pine. Pyramid shape. The needles are long, soft, hanging. Blue, with silver.
• Pinus koraiensis Winton Gee Broom. Mini variety of Korean pine. spherical shape. The needles are soft, green-blue. Annual growth is 3-5 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus mugo- Mountain pine

Grows in the highlands of Central and Southern Europe. It forms masses on slopes or grows in single specimens, forming picturesque three-dimensional groups. A shrub with flexible trunks lying under the weight of snow and rising young shoots. In the lower mountain zone, the height of plants reaches 4 m, in the upper one it does not exceed 40 cm. Young shoots are light green, adult shoots are dark brown, glabrous. Mature bark is gray-brown, scaly, peeling off in plates. The needles are collected in bundles of 2 pieces. They are dark green, dense, sharp, straight or slightly twisted, 5-8 cm long. The cones are small, round, single or in bunches of 3 pieces. They ripen in the second year.

Mountain pine has several natural varieties with different growth vigor and crown shape. All of them are the most valuable material for obtaining varietal forms. All natural forms and varieties in cultivation are stable, unpretentious and frost-resistant.

Of particular interest are varieties with originally colored needles.

Very popular Ophir And Winter Gold, the needles of which acquire a light golden color in winter.

Several varieties are widely represented in gardening: Pinus mugo var. mughus is a dense creeping shrub, forming clumps 70-150 cm high, with needles up to 12 cm long. Most varieties with long needles, for example Mops, originated from this form; Pinus mugo var. pumilio is a creeping shrub that forms dense clumps 50-140 cm high, with needles about 3-5 cm long. This natural form has become the source for many varieties with small short needles, for example Humpy and Gnom.

Pinus mugo var. pseudopumilio

Mountain, bush form. Has a large number of garden cultivars.

Pinus mugo var. rotundata

It grows in the mountains, in sphagnum bogs, as a shrub form; low, single-trunked trees can be found on drier and rocky soils. Has a large number of garden cultivars.

Pinus mugo var. uncinata

Tree, up to 20 m high. Grows in the Alps and Pyrenees at altitudes up to 2000-2500 m. After warm, wet winters, preventive treatment is recommended copper-containing drugs from fungal infections. Has a large number of garden cultivars.

All natural varieties and varieties of mountain pine are frost-resistant and do not require winter shelter. Completely tolerant to sunlight.

Pinus mugo Albospicato Domschke

Yellowing dwarf, possibly medium-sized variety of mountain pine. Narrow pyramidal shape. The needles are long and soft. At the end of spring, the vegetated shoots become golden for 2 weeks. Annual growth is 8 -12 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus mugo Allgau

Mini variety of mountain pine. Globular, slightly cone-shaped with age. The needles are green and short. Annual growth is within 3-5 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus mugo Vegap

• Pinus mugo Bozi Dar. Mini variety of mountain pine. spherical shape. The needles are green and short. Annual growth is 3-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus mugo Sapes. Mini variety of mountain pine. spherical shape. The needles are green and short. Annual growth is 3-4 cm, completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus mugo Chameleon. Mini, possibly a dwarf variety of mountain pine. Globular, spreading, slightly loose shape. The needles are variegated, gray-blue, golden at the ends. It becomes brightest in June, after the growing season. Annual growth up to 10 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus mugo Columnaris. Medium-sized variety of mountain pine. Ovoid shape. The branches are curved, tightly adjacent to the trunk. The needles are green. Annual growth is 10-15 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus mugo Dikobraz. Mini, possibly a dwarf variety. Globular, spreading shape. The needles are variegated, golden at the ends. It manifests itself most clearly from the beginning of spring to the end of summer. Annual growth is 5-8 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus mugo Edelweiss. Micro-variety of mountain pine. Very dense, spherical shape. The needles are green and short. Annual growth within 3 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus mugo Excellence. Mini variety of mountain pine. Round shape. The needles are green and short. Annual growth is 3-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus mugo Fish Hook. Mini variety of American mountain pine selection. Spherical-oval shape. The needles are green and short. Annual growth is 3-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus mugo Jizerske Leg.
• Pinus mugo Kalus. Mini variety of mountain pine. spherical shape. The needles are green and short. Annual growth is 3-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus Mugo Kissen Brevifolia. Mini variety of mountain pine. Globular-spreading shape. The branches are curved. The needles are green, very short. Annual growth is 3-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus mugo Krasny Krejci. Micro-variety of mountain pine. Very dense, spherical shape. The needles are green and short. Growth within 3 cm. Completely frost-resistant,
• Pinus mugo Kudrnac. Mini variety of mountain pine. spherical shape. The branches are slightly curved, the needles are green and short. Annual growth is 3-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus mugo Lemon. Golden mini-variety of mountain pine. Dense, spherical shape. The needles are golden, changing their intensity depending on the time of year. It is considered one of the most resistant golden mountain pine varieties. Annual growth is 4-6 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus mugo March. Mini variety of mountain pine. spherical shape. The needles are green and short.
• Pinus mugo Mini-Mini. Mini variety of mountain pine. Spherical, compact shape. The needles are green and short. Annual growth is 3-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus mugo Minima Kalous. Micro-variety of mountain pine. Very dense, spherical shape. The needles are green and short. Growth within 3 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

P mugo ssp. pseudopumilio- Mountain pine variety pseudopumila

Pinus mugo ssp, pseudopumilio Drobny

Mini variety of mountain pine. spherical shape. The needles are green and short. Annual growth is 3-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus mugo ssp. pseudopumilio Krejci Super

Pinus mugo ssp. pseudopumilio Ohynek

Mini variety of mountain pine. Dense, spherical shape. The needles are green and short. Annual growth is 3 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus mugo ssp. pseudopumilio Pixie

Mini variety of mountain pine. Dense, spherical shape. The needles are green and short. Annual growth is 2-3 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

• Pinus mugo ssp. pseudopumilio Platzino. Mini variety of mountain pine. spherical shape. The needles are green and short. Annual growth is 3-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus mugo ssp, pseudopumilio Rasnice. Mini variety of mountain pine. spherical shape. The needles are green and short. Annual growth is 4-6 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus mugo ssp. pseudopumilio Veliconoce. Mini variety of mountain pine. spherical shape. The needles are green and short. Annual growth is 3-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus mugo ssp. pseudopumilio Vireil. Mini variety of mountain pine. Very dense spherical shape.

Pay attention to the photo - the needles of this pine variety are green and short:

Annual growth is 1-3 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus mugo var. uncinata- Mountain pine subspecies uncinata

Pinus mugo var. uncinata Erwin

Micro-variety of mountain pine. Very dense spherical shape. The needles are short and green. Annual growth is 2-3 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus mugo var. rotundata- mountain pine variation rotundata

Pinus mugo var. rotundata Fritsche

Mini variety of mountain pine. Round shape. The needles are green. Annual growth is 5-8 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

• Pinus mugo var. rotundata Kvaca. Mini variety of mountain pine. Round shape. The needles are green. Annual growth is 4-6 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus mugo var, uncinata Montana Vlk. Mini variety of mountain pine. Dense spherical-oval shape. The needles are short and green. Annual growth is 3-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus mugo var. uncinata Schonberg. Micro-variety of mountain pine, very dense spherical shape. The needles are short and green. Annual growth is 2-3 cm. Completely frost-resistant,
• Pinus mugo var. uncinata Tour 4. Mini variety of mountain pine. Dense spherical shape. The needles are short and green. Annual growth is 3-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Other varieties of pine trees: photos, names and descriptions

Pinus nigra- Black pine

Grows in the mountains of Southern Europe. This variety of pine is cultivated all the way to Northern Europe. A very beautiful tree 20-50 m high. The crown of young trees is wide-pyramidal, of adults - umbrella-shaped. The branches of young plants are uniformly whorled.

Pinus nigra Bobo

Pinus nigra Spielberg

Dwarf variety of black pine. Round-oval shape. The needles are dark green and long. Annual growth is 10-14 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus nigra Moravsky Jizni Kriz

Mini variety of black pine. spherical shape. The needles are dark green. Annual growth is 3-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant,

Pinus nigra Nana

Dwarf variety of black pine. Round-oval shape. The needles are dark green and long. Annual growth is 7-10 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus nigra Pink

Mini variety of black pine. spherical shape. The needles are dark green. Annual growth is 3-5 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus nigra SN 15

Mini variety of black pine. spherical shape. The needles are dark green. Annual growth is 3-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus parviflora- Small-flowered pine

Widely distributed in Japan, and not only as a plant of natural flora, but also as a favorite material for decorating gardens and creating dwarf bonsai trees.

In nature, it is a beautiful, stocky tree 5-12 m high with a flat, spreading crown. The crown of young plants is densely pyramidal. The branches are dense with short branches. The bark is grey-brown, for a long time completely smooth, but with age it peels off in thin flaps.

As you can see in the photo, the needles of this variety of pine are needle-shaped, in bunches of 5 pieces, which are closely adjacent to each other and collected in tassels at the ends of the shoots:

The needles are strongly curved and twisted, 4-6 cm long. Young needles are white-gray, mature ones are bluish-green. The cones are sessile, up to 10 cm long and up to 4 cm wide, collected in bunches and horizontally spaced from each other. The shape of the cones varies - from ovoid to cylindrical. The seeds ripen in the second year, but the cones remain on the branches for up to 7 years.

Small-flowered pine is widely used to decorate gardens in regions with mild climates. In the frosty winters of the northern temperate zone, it can freeze slightly, and even die in places exposed to the wind, since it absolutely cannot tolerate prolonged freezing of the soil.

Over the past 10 years, this type of pine has undergone numerous tests in the gardens of the northern temperate zone of Russia. The results obtained suggest that, with the correct choice of planting site, small-flowered pine varieties can be recommended for cultivation in Russian gardens.

Pinus parviflora Al Fordham

Medium-sized variety of small-flowered pine. In the first years, columnar growth was observed, with the promotion of several leaders. With age it can take on a bushy form. The needles are green. Annual growth up to 20 cm. Conditionally frost-resistant. May suffer from the rays of the spring sun,

Pinus parviflora Cecilia

Dwarf variety of small-flowered pine. Flattened growth form. The branches develop in a horizontal direction and have a whip-like shape. The needles are green, with a silvery tint. Annual growth is 10-15 cm. Frost-resistant. May suffer from the rays of the spring sun.

Pinus parviflora Fukai

Dwarf variety of small-flowered pine. In the first years it has a narrow columnar shape, over the years it takes on a non-standard pyramidal shape with a pronounced vertical leader and several leading branches growing in the horizontal direction. Early in spring the needles become green-golden and striped. This color lasts throughout the season, until late autumn. Annual growth is 10-12 cm. Frost-resistant. In spring, the sun can cause you to get very sunburned. Early spring treatments with copper-containing preparations for fungal infections are recommended.

Pinus parviflora Fukuzumi

Dwarf variety of small-flowered pine. Flattened growth form. The branches develop in a horizontal direction and have a whip-like shape. The needles are green, the reverse side of the needles is silver. Annual growth within 15 cm. Frost-resistant. May suffer from the rays of the spring sun.

• Pinus parviflora Hagoromo . Mini-variety of small-flowered pine. Dense, spherical shape. Green needles, annual growth within 5 cm. Frost-resistant.
• Pinus parviflora Napu . Mini-variety of small-flowered pine. Flattened, spherical shape. With age, it can put forward a vertical leading shoot. In May, the needles turn white-cream. This color lasts throughout the season, until late autumn. Annual growth is 3-5 cm, frost-resistant. Planted in the sun can burn badly,
• Pinus parviflora Shikoku (synonym - Shikoku Govo). Dwarf variety of small-flowered pine. In the first years, it has an irregular narrow columnar shape; over the years, the shape becomes pyramidal, with a pronounced vertical leader and several leading branches growing in a horizontal direction. In early spring, the needles become green-golden and striped. This color lasts throughout the season, until late autumn. Annual growth IQ-12 cm. Frost-resistant. May suffer from the rays of the spring sun. Early spring treatments with copper-containing preparations for fungal infections are recommended.
• Pinus parviflora Tanima-noyuki (synonym - Tani-mano-uki). Mini-variety of small-flowered pine. Flattened, spherical shape. With age, the leading shoot moves forward in the vertical direction. In May, the needles turn white-cream. This color lasts throughout the season, until late autumn. Annual growth is 3-5 cm. Frost-resistant. Planted in the sun can actively burn.
• Pinus parviflora Tenysukazu (synonyms - Dr. Landis, Goldylocks). Dwarf variety of small-flowered pine. In the first years it has an irregular narrow columnar shape; over the years the shape becomes pyramidal with a pronounced vertical leader and several leading branches growing in the horizontal direction. Early in spring the needles turn bright golden. This color lasts throughout the season, until late autumn. It was first introduced into garden culture in Japan. Annual growth is 7-12 cm. Planted in the sun can actively burn in the spring. Frost-resistant.

Pinus flight- Rumelian pine, or Balkan pine

It grows in the mountainous regions of southern and southeastern Europe. The tree has a narrow pyramidal shape, up to 20 m high. The branches are straight, gray or gray-brown. The bark is gray or brown. The needles are soft, green, with a grayish tint, up to 10 cm in length, collected in bunches of five pieces. The cones are cylindrical, 8-12 cm, ripen in the 3rd year.

Pinus flight Daniel

Mini variety of Rumelian pine. spherical shape. The needles are light green. Annual growth is 2-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus flight Glauca

Medium-sized variety of Rumelian pine. Pyramid shape. The branches are straight. The needles are green-blue. Annual growth is 20-30 cm. Completely frost-resistant. May suffer from the rays of the spring sun.

• Pinus flight Aureovariegata. Medium-sized variety of Rumelian pine. Pyramid shape. The branches are straight. The needles are green, with cream inserts. Annual growth is 20-30 cm. Completely frost-resistant. May suffer from the rays of the spring sun.
• Pinus flight Thessalonica Broom. Mini variety of Rumelian pine. spherical shape. The needles are green. Annual growth is 2-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus ponderosa- Yellow pine, or Oregon pine. It grows naturally in the western regions of North America.

The height of adult plants reaches 30-35 m. The thickness of the trunk is about 1 m in diameter. The crown is broadly cone-shaped. This variety of pine got its name because of its yellow-brown bark. The needles are green, flexible, soft, up to 25 cm long. The cones are small, cone-cylindrical. After ripening and opening, they increase in size to 7-10 cm. Until recently, it was considered unpromising for cultivation in the gardens of the northern temperate zone of Russia, but in the last 5-7 years positive experience has been gained in growing yellow pine cultivars in our gardens.

Pinus ponderosa Agnieszka

A variegated medium-sized variety of yellow pine. Pyramid shape. The needles are green. 10-12 cm long. In spring it is unevenly colored and becomes striped. The bright golden color lasts until late autumn. Annual growth is 15-20 cm. Conditionally frost-resistant. Successfully grown in several gardens in the Moscow region for 3 years. Final conclusions about the resistance of this variety can only be drawn after longer tests.

Pinus ponderosa K. Riley

Mini variety. Pyramid shape. The needles are green and soft. Annual growth is 5-7 cm. Conditionally frost-resistant. The exact, final dimensions of this variety are unknown.

Pinus ponderosa Gallinas

Mini variety. Round shape. The needles are green and soft. Annual growth is 3-5 cm. Conditionally frost-resistant. The exact, final dimensions of this variety are unknown.

Pinus ponderosa Penaz

Large-sized variety of ponderosa pine. A completely unique variety. Young plants take root for several years and hardly grow. Then they begin to actively grow. Annual growth is 100-120 cm. In 20 years, the tree can reach 25 m in height. Few branches are curved. I am positioned chaotically on the trunk. The needles are green, soft, up to 25 cm long, conditionally frost-resistant. Successfully grown in several gardens in the Moscow region for 3 years. Final conclusions about the resistance of this variety can only be drawn after longer tests.

Pinus pumila- Dwarf pine, or dwarf cedar

Forms thickets and groups in the mountains from Siberia to Japan.

Both the natural form and its cultivars are multi-stemmed trees or shrubs with flexible but elastic shoots. In the highlands, adult fruiting plants do not exceed 30 cm, but in areas with a milder climate and in garden culture they can reach 8 m. Under the weight of snow, the trunks are completely spread out on the ground, which saves the plant in harsh winter conditions. As the snow melts, the trunks straighten, but partially retain their dwarf shape. The shoots of young growth are powerful, densely covered with needle-like needles. The needles are collected in bunches of 5 pieces, bluish-green, soft, more or less twisted, from 5 to 15 cm long. The cones are very similar to cones cedar pine, but smaller. The seeds are tasty but small “pine nuts”. They ripen in the second year. In culture, fruiting occurs in the 5-10th year.

Elfin cedar is a very variable plant. In places with harsh growing conditions (for example, on the hills Kuril Islands, Sakhalin and Kamchatka) it is of dwarf stature and has brightly colored blue needles. In mountain valleys and in garden culture, the same forms grow and may lose compactness, crown density and the brightness of the color of the needles.

The frost resistance of both the species and its varieties is very high.

Pinus pumila Draijers Dwarf

Pinus pumila Glauca

Dwarf variety of dwarf cedar. In the first years it develops very slowly, maintaining a compact cushion-shaped shape. Subsequently, several leading whip-like shoots begin to extend horizontally, forming a spreading, tiered form. The needles are green-silver, soft. Annual growth is up to 15 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus pumila Jeddeloh

Dwarf variety of dwarf cedar. In the first years it develops very slowly, maintaining a compact cushion-shaped shape. Subsequently, several leading whip-like shoots begin to extend horizontally, forming a spreading, tiered form. The needles are green-silver, soft. Annual growth up to 15 cm. Completely frost-resistant,

• Pinus pumila Jeg-2 (SDL). Mini variety of dwarf cedar. In the first years it develops very slowly, maintaining a compact cushion-shaped shape. The needles are green-blue. Subsequently, several leading shoots begin to emerge in a vertical direction. This is a very interesting compact seedling of this variety. Annual growth is 5-7 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus pumila Wohl'a. Mini variety of dwarf cedar. In the first years it develops very slowly, maintaining a compact cushion-shaped shape. The needles are green-blue. Subsequently, several leading shoots begin to emerge in a vertical direction. A very interesting compact seedling of this variety. Annual growth is 5-7 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus sibirica- Siberian pine, or Siberian cedar pine (Siberian cedar)

A variety of cedar pine - Pinus cembra. It occupies large areas from the headwaters of the Vychegda River in the northeast of the European part of Russia to the headwaters of the Aldan River in Eastern Siberia.

A tall tree, reaching 35-45 m, with a very dense cone-shaped crown. The bark of young plants is smooth, gray, of old ones it is furrowed, gray-brown. The needles are bluish-green, dense, but not hard, up to 13 cm long and about 1.5 cm wide. Collected in bunches of 5 pieces. The cones are grey-brown, erect, up to 13 cm long. The seeds are tasty, fatty “pine nuts”. Cones form only on plants that have reached the age of 40-80 years, so grafting is used to speed up fruiting.

In cultivation it is unpretentious only on well-drained sandy loam and light loamy soils. Absolutely frost-resistant. It has a number of varietal forms, both for fruit and decorative purposes.

The size of annual growth for all varieties of Siberian pine pine is somewhat conditional, since the trial period for varieties of this species is insignificant.

Pinus sibirica Knotweed

Mini variety of Siberian pine. In the first years it develops very slowly, maintaining a compact rounded shape. Subsequently it acquires a round-oval shape. The needles are green, collected 5 needles in a bunch. Annual growth is within 5-7 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus sibirica Emerald

Dwarf variety of Siberian pine. In the first years it develops very slowly, maintaining a compact round shape. Subsequently it acquires a round-oval shape. The needles are green-blue, collected 5 needles in a bunch. It is considered one of the bluest Siberian pines. Annual growth is within 10-12 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus sibirica Icarus

Dwarf variety of Siberian pine. In the first years it develops very slowly, maintaining a compact round shape. Subsequently it takes on an oval shape. The needles are green, collected 5 needles in a bunch. Annual growth is within 10-12 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus sibirica Stone Flower SDL

Micro-variety of Siberian pine. Seedling, Very dense, spherical shape. The needles are green, long, soft. Annual growth within 3 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus sibirica Oligarch

Dwarf variety of Siberian pine. In the first years it develops very slowly, maintaining a compact round shape. Subsequently it acquires a round-oval shape. The needles are green, short, collected in 5 needles in a bunch. Annual growth is within 10-12 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus strobus- Weymouth Pine

Grows in the forests of North America. A tree 25-50 m high, similar in appearance to cedar pine. The crown is pyramidal. The branches are short, whorled, horizontally spaced from the trunk. Young shoots are thin, light greenish-brown. The bark of young plants is smooth, gray, shiny, while that of old plants is longitudinally wrinkled. The needles are needle-shaped, collected in bunches of 5 pieces, green-gray, soft, thin, straight, about 10 cm long. The cones are apical, hanging, often curved, light brown-yellow, narrowly cylindrical, 15-20 cm long. The seeds are small. winged, ripen in the second year.

It has varietal forms with different crown types and habit.

Completely frost-resistant, but may suffer from the rays of the spring sun.

Pinus strobus Green Curls

Pinus strobus Prazska Zahrada

Mini variety of Weymouth pine. Round shape. The needles are light green and soft. Annual growth is 3-6 cm. Completely frost-resistant. To avoid breaking, it is advisable to have a winter frame snow shelter.

Pinus strobus Wendy

A new dwarf, possibly medium-sized, variety of Weymouth pine. Round oval shape. The needles are green. After the growing season, young growths are painted a light golden color. With this color the plant goes into winter. Annual growth is within 15 cm. Completely frost-resistant. To avoid breaking, it is advisable to have a winter frame snow shelter.

Pinus strobus Werner

Mini variety of Weymouth pine. spherical shape. The needles are green and soft. Annual growth is 3-5 cm. Completely frost-resistant. To avoid breaking, it is advisable to have a winter frame snow shelter.

• Pinus strobus Furcata. Dwarf variety of Weymouth pine. Oval-columnar shape. The needles are light green and soft. This variety is characterized by abundant cone formation. Annual growth is 8-12 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus strobus Golden Candles. A new dwarf, possibly medium-sized variegated variety of Weymouth pine. Pyramid shape. The needles are green and unevenly turn creamy yellow in spring. Annual growth is 8-15 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus sylvestris- Scots pine

Widely distributed throughout Eurasia from the temperate climate zone to the polar zone. This type takes largest areas among all types of pine trees. The habitats of Scots pine are very different - from the plains of Northern and Central Russia to the highlands of Europe. Scots pine is a tree with a height of 20-35 to 50 m. The crown of young plants is broadly pin-shaped with raised branches. The crown of adult plants depends on the growing conditions and can be from pyramidal-umbrella with horizontal-tiered uneven branches on a slender trunk when standing freely to voluminous and uneven in thick, crooked-trunked specimens. The bark of young plants is reddish, of adults - light yellow-brown, flaky.

Needles are needle-shaped, collected in bunches of 2 pieces, hard, prickly, dark bluish-green, straight, 4-7 cm long. Cones are single or collected in 2-3 pieces, gray-brown, matte, pyramidal, about 3 and about 2 cm wide. They ripen in the second year.

In nature, Scots pine is very variable, which is associated with growing conditions. This property made it possible to select spectacular, diverse and numerous varieties. Currently, varietal forms have begun to actively appear in gardens located in the northern temperate zone of Russia.

Pinus sylvestris Albyns

Creeping dwarf variety of Scots pine. The branches are slightly curved, horizontally located. With age they form tiers. The needles are green. Annual growth is within 10-15 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus sylvestris Bexel WB SDL

Mini variety of Scots pine. Dense, spherical shape. The needles are green and soft. It is advisable to clean the crown of dead needles twice a year. Annual growth is 3-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant. To avoid breaking, it is advisable to have a winter frame snow shelter.

Pinus sylvestris Candlelight

Large-sized variety of Scots pine. Tapeworm. The shape is pyramidal-pin-shaped. The needles are green. After the growing season, young growths turn milky. After about 3-4 weeks, the growths turn yellow, and by the end of summer they turn green again. Annual growth is 30-50 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Pinus sylvestris Chantry Blue

Dwarf variety of Scots pine. Spherical-oval shape. The needles are green-blue. Annual growth is 10-12 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

• Pinus sylvestris Doone Valley. Mini variety of Scots pine. Round-tiered shape. The needles are green-blue. Annual growth is 3-6 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus sylvestris Jakutsk. Dwarf variety of Scots pine. Pyramid shape. The needles are green, turning yellow with the onset of autumn cold weather. Annual growth is 10-12 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus sylvestris Meffengowd. Dwarf variety of Scots pine. Pyramidal shape. The needles are green, turning yellow with the onset of autumn cold and remaining golden all winter. Annual growth is 10-12 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus sylvestris Moseri. Mini variety of Scots pine. In the first years it has a very dense, rounded shape. With age it becomes oval-ovoid. It is advisable to clean the crown of dead needles twice a year. The needles are green, turning yellow with the onset of autumn cold and remaining golden all winter. Annual growth is 7-10 cm. Completely frost-resistant. Requires precise light landing location.
• Pinus sylvestris Trollguld. Dwarf variety of Scots pine. Pyramid shape. The needles are green-golden throughout the year. Depending on the time of year, the intensity of the golden color changes. The peak intensity of the yellow-golden color occurs in early spring. Annual growth is 10-12 cm. Completely frost-resistant.
• Pinus sylvestris Watereri. Medium-sized variety of Scots pine. Round, slightly spreading shape. There is no pronounced leading shoot. Large branches have a vertical direction of growth. The needles are dark green. Annual growth is 15-25 cm. Completely frost-resistant. In the first years after planting, it may suffer from the rays of the spring sun. To prevent branches from breaking under the weight of snow, it is advisable to tie them in late autumn or early winter.

Growing pine trees in the country: planting and agricultural care (with photos)

When growing pine trees in your dacha, keep in mind that these are one of the most light-loving conifers. Only in open areas do they acquire a typical crown shape. In shaded areas and dense plantings, pine trees are not decorative.

For planting and caring for pine trees, it is better to use sandy loam or loose, well-drained, slightly acidic loam. Dwarf varietal forms prefer nutritious loose loams - only on such soils do they have a dense, compact crown.

Pines need additional nutrition less than other conifers. Only young plants can be fed in the spring after the snow melts on wet soil with a light complex or combined mineral fertilizer. When growing and caring for pine trees, do not overdo it with fertilizers: excessive nitrogen fertilizing, especially fresh manure or feces, can lead to plant death.

Transplantation should be carried out either in the spring before buds open, or in the fall. Deepening of the root collar is unacceptable. Plants with actively growing shoots take root extremely poorly. Young trees tolerate replanting relatively easily; large pines taken from nature do not take root. Large garden specimens can be replanted only after preliminary preparation of the root ball, which consists of repeated pruning of the roots 6-12 months before the planned replanting.

These photos show the correct planting and care of pine trees in the country:

When caring for pine trees in the country, be moderate in watering. Most types of pine trees are dry-loving and absolutely cannot tolerate stagnant and groundwater. Adult, well-developed specimens are extremely drought-resistant.

In order to care for pine trees as proper agricultural technology suggests, do not forget that all representatives of the genus are cold-tolerant, but the frost resistance of species varies. Most of them, unfortunately, are not able to withstand a frosty winter for a long time, and many species, although they can survive short-term frosts, die when the root ball freezes. At the same time, adult specimens of all species are more resistant to cold than young ones, so in gardens in regions with a temperate climate it is possible to grow even such heat-loving pines as P. brutia, densiflora, parviflora and pinea.

Of course, even after gaining strength, these plants will never look as luxurious as in their homeland, but, provided that young specimens are provided with winter shelter, they may well replenish the collection of conifers.

When caring for pine trees, young plants and low-growing varietal forms that need shelter can easily be insulated for the winter with a hut made of spruce branches. It is almost impossible to protect large specimens of pines from frost; it is for this reason that heat-loving subtropical species are not considered in our manual.

Following the rules of agricultural technology, in the spring, for the uniform awakening of weak plants, it is recommended to abundant watering, spraying and shading from sun rays. It is very important to water the soil after a frosty winter.

The next section of the article is devoted to the use of pine trees in landscape design.

The use of pine trees in garden landscape design (with photos)

All pine trees have a number of characteristic attractive features, combining majesty and grace with monumentality and even some roughness of the branches, contrasting with the elegance of the needles. It is not surprising that in the design of gardens around the world, pine trees are one of the most common and favorite coniferous plants. A species suitable for cultivation can be selected for almost any climatic zone, so pine trees can be found next to palm trees in southern gardens and next to heathers in gardens beyond the Arctic Circle.

Look how beautiful compositions with pine trees are in landscape design:

Pines are used in different ways. In the south - to introduce a northern flavor and create a contrast with the rough foliage of evergreens, in the north - as one of the main and most hardy plant materials. Large pines are especially good when planted as single specimens and in light groves.

As you can see in the photo, dwarf pines in garden design and dwarf forms are indispensable for small areas when creating compositions of mixborders and rockeries:

Pine trees are of little use for trimming, but are very good for forming a curly crown. Compact specimens can be easily and fairly quickly obtained by regularly breaking out growth buds in autumn or early spring and shortening growing shoots in summer.

Finally, learn how to grow pine from seeds.

Reproduction when growing pine trees in the country: how to grow a tree from seeds

In practical pine gardening, the propagation of pine trees is carried out in two ways: natural - by seeds, and varietal grafting. Growing varietal varieties from seeds is used only to obtain new forms. Theoretically, propagation by cuttings and layering is possible, but it is associated with such great difficulties that it makes no sense to consider it.

All pines are very easily propagated by seeds. When storing high-quality seeds under normal conditions, germination is lost after 1.5-2 years, and in an airtight container at a temperature of 0 +5 C it persists for more than 15 years. Seeds with damaged covers are not stored and require immediate germination.

Seeds freshly fallen from cones are not ready for immediate cultivation of pine trees, as they have a “dormant” embryo. Before, a period of even low positive temperatures is necessary to awaken the seed embryo. For species in which the needles are collected in a bunch of 2 pieces, this period is approximately 2-3 months, for species with a bunch of 3-5 or more needles - 4-6 months. Scarification (disturbance of the seed cover before sowing) is not required for pine trees.

Seeds for propagation of pine trees are germinated in the following ways:

• Pre-winter sowing. Seeds are sown in a ridge to a depth of 1.5-2 cm and mulched with loose soil to a height of 1-1.5 cm. In the spring, after the emergence of seedlings, the plants, pinching the root, are planted or left on the ridge until autumn or next spring.
• Snowmaking. In autumn or winter, the seeds are sown in boxes, then the crops are kept warm for 1-2 weeks, after which they are transferred outside and dug into the snow until spring. Shoots appear in late spring - early summer; they are planted into a ridge or left in boxes until autumn.
• Cold stratification. At the end of winter, the seeds are mixed with coarse, clean, slightly damp sand, sawdust or sphagnum moss and placed in plastic bags or boxes, which are stored in the refrigerator or basement at a temperature of +3...+5 ᵒC for 1-3 or 4-6 months, depending from the view.

You can sow the seeds in boxes or bowls in an earthen mixture consisting of rotted leaf soil, peat and coarse sifted sand in a ratio of 3:1:1, and store in the refrigerator or basement in the same way as seeds laid out in plastic bags, maintaining a constant temperature and even moderate humidity of the substrate.

After the stratification period is completed, the seeds that were stored in bags are washed and sown in boxes or bowls and exposed to light at a temperature of +18...+23 °C. Seedlings are kept in the light, avoiding direct sunlight, and watered moderately.

If the seedlings are too dense, they are picked. Young pine seedlings are very sensitive to waterlogging - excessive watering will inevitably lead to the death of the roots. If the seedlings develop normally, then when it gets warm, the boxes are taken out into the garden, where, after gradually accustoming them to the sun and fresh air planted in a ridge. Young plants tolerate transplantation absolutely painlessly.

Varietal characteristics during seed propagation are determined only in the third or fourth year of cultivation, but the percentage of varietal correspondence is very small.

Scots pine, which can reach a height of 40 m, is rightfully considered one of the most valuable coniferous species, due to which it is classified as a plant of the first magnitude. The diameter of the trunk reaches 1 m. The peculiarity of the bark is that at the base it is thicker than the one that covers the trunk at the top. In this way, Scots pine is protected from possible ground fire or overheating.

Scots pine, which can reach a height of 40 m, is rightfully considered one of the most valuable coniferous species.

The bark is red-brown in color, can peel off, and has grooves. Those trees that grow more closely together, in closed stands, have a more open-worked crown and a thin trunk. A pine tree at a young age has a cone-shaped crown, later it becomes rounded and wide, and older trees have a flat shape, in the form of an umbrella.

Pine needles are usually bluish-green, densely spaced, curved, protruding, and the needles are collected in bunches of 2 pieces. The needles are no more than 4-7 cm long, slightly pointed, with a thin longitudinal stripe in the middle. Its lifespan is approximately 3 years; in the autumn, some of the needles fall off, before which they turn yellow, due to which the branches look colorful.

Pine is a coniferous plant that has its own unique ways of preparing for the onset of winter. In order to prevent the appearance of fumes on the needles, which will be destructive for them, the tree secretes a special wax that lies on the needles: the stomata close and the plant stops breathing.

Pine needles are usually bluish-green, densely spaced, curved, protruding, and the needles are collected in bunches of 2 pieces.

As for the cones (pine fruits), on this tree they are located on downward legs, singly or in maximum 2-3 pieces. The cone, when still immature, has the shape of a cone; it is usually dark green in color, but in rare cases it can be brownish in color. They mature only in the second year of life. As they ripen, the cones turn from green to deep brown or brown, measuring 3-6 cm by 2-3 cm, and seeds are formed in them.

A brief description and description of pine as a coniferous plant may be different, since there are several different forms that have their own crown structure, shape and color of cones. The crown can be either pyramidal or weeping, and the shade of the needles can be silver, golden, or whitish.

As for the bark, it can be scaly or lamellar.

The range of Scots pine covers a variety of ecologically diverse areas. It is for this reason that this type of plant has an impressive number of ecotypes (scientists, after research, have identified more than 30). If you observe pine seedlings of different origins that grew in identical conditions, you can get an amazing result - they will differ in their ability to resist diseases, be resistant to drought and cold, etc. In addition, morphological characteristics (trunk structure, crown shape, needle length) can also be different.

If the plant finds itself in sufficiently unfavorable conditions, for example, in a swampy area, then it cannot reach normal size, remaining dwarf. In such cases, even those trees that are more than 100 years old may not be higher than 1 m.

This plant is often resistant to frost and heat and loves the sun. Of those species that grow specifically on sandy soils, pine is the most resistant to drought and constant lack of moisture. Its roots can penetrate the ground even 6 m. Thanks to this, even during periods of drought, the tree receives the necessary amount of water.

The needles are no more than 4-7 cm long, slightly pointed, with a thin longitudinal stripe in the middle

This ability of pine led to the development different types root systems in different populations. If a tree grows in a dry area, then root system will be predominantly core, and if the groundwater is shallow enough, then the roots will become more branched due to the presence of lateral processes. The tree takes root well on sandy and sandy loam soils; it can very rarely be found in southern regions, where it is often planted in shelterbelts, in ravines and on the edge of ravines. In addition, it grows on peaty, clay soils. This plant is common in Europe, Siberia, Mongolia, and China. It is considered the most popular tree in Eurasia.

Gallery: Scots pine (25 photos)

Scots pine: beneficial properties and applications (video)

Pine propagation

Pine reproduces well by seeds. To create favorable conditions you will need high-quality soil and plenty of sun. It is recommended to transfer grown seedlings into the ground when they reach 3-7 years of age. The tree reacts quite poorly to polluted, gassed city air for the reason that after 2 years the needles with a resinous surface will most likely be covered with soot and dust. This obstruction will interfere with normal photosynthesis.

As for the lifespan of a plant, on average it is 200 years, but individual specimens, if grown in favorable conditions, can live 2 times longer. The annual growth is significant - about 50-70 cm. This figure is higher only for deciduous trees. At the age of 15 years, active fruiting begins, but if the trees are planted very densely, then the fruits appear only at 40 years. Every 5-7 years, abundant harvests can be observed.

Some people mistakenly believe that pine is a dioecious plant (it has both male and female flowers). But this is a misconception: this plant is monoecious. This means that on one tree either female or male flowers predominate.

Female inflorescences are located at the edge of the branches and have the shape of a small cone, while male inflorescences are located near the base. Some believe that the presence of cones of one type or another is determined hereditarily. But it has also been proven that, depending on the conditions where a tree grows, its “sex” can change dramatically.

The flowering period begins when the air has already warmed up enough: usually the end of May. The wind helps pollinate the trees, but actual fertilization will not occur until next year. A yellow coating on the needles is an indicator that this event has occurred. Excellent pollination is made possible thanks to the presence of special sacs that pollen has. Thus, it can be carried over long distances by the wind. Weather also affects the rate of pollination: this process occurs best (within 3-4 days) on warm, dry days. Rain can slow things down.

As for the lifespan of a plant, on average it is 200 years, but individual specimens, if grown in favorable conditions, can live 2 times longer

Distinctive features of wood

This plant has a fairly dense, sound, big amount wood resin. Young trees have straight-grained wood, which becomes cross-grained with age. Mechanical characteristics and density are important in construction and are determined by a number of factors, among which soil moisture plays an important role. If the tree grew in a dry area, then the wood will be more dense and resistant to various types of damage.

Specimens growing on wet soil will be unsuitable for construction due to low mechanical characteristics.

Experts recommend pruning pine, as it develops very quickly and can outstrip nearby trees of other species, dominating them. Coniferous plants should be pruned in order to give them correct form, maintain the structure of the tree, promote the long life of the crop. In addition, if pruning is carried out correctly, this will make it possible to form a crown that will be minimally exposed to negative weather influences.

Application in various industries

The branches and the actual trunk of this coniferous plant have special passages filled with resin, which is popularly called “resin”. This substance has a positive effect on the plant itself, helping to repel various pests and heal wounds. “Resin” can be obtained not only from a growing tree, but also from a stump. This resin is used in the production of turpentine and rosin.

In addition, in the pine forest the air is saturated with ozone, which means that there are practically no microbes in it, so rest and walks in such places are prescribed for people suffering from various diseases(especially those associated with the respiratory tract).

Kidneys are often used in medical practice. It is recommended to collect them in early spring - before they have time to bloom. They contain tannins, resins, essential oils, bitter substances, and starch. Pine needles contain a lot of carotene and ascorbic acid.

Since ancient times, people have known about the value of pine, its beneficial properties. Thus, it was a medicinal plant that was considered an important component of ancient Egyptian recipes. Pine needles were added to poultices and compresses, and pine resin was added to embalming compositions. Russian healers advised chewing pine resin in order to strengthen gums, teeth, refresh and disinfect the oral cavity. The Greeks and Romans used the medicinal properties of this coniferous plant to get rid of colds.

Useful properties of pine (video)

How to grow a tree yourself

Some people want to grow this on their plots evergreen tree. To do this, you can purchase a ready-made seedling that is at least 5 years old. But if you have patience and the desire to start growing it yourself, then you can get a tree even when there is only a cone, and there are seeds in it.

As a rule, the seeds set well in cones shaped like a cone or an egg. From the very beginning, the cones are distinguished by very tightly fitting scales, but during the ripening period they open up, exposing the seeds underneath. It takes at least 2 years for the latter to mature and be suitable for reproduction.

To plant a pine tree, you will need to select the most mature seeds that have the correct shape and the same size. Before planting, the grains need to be soaked in water for 3 days, after which they are mixed with sand and placed in pots. When spring comes, the germinated seeds can be transferred to open ground.

Thus, pine is a useful plant both in medical practice and in the construction industry, as well as for landscaping areas near the house. It is only necessary to promptly care for the crown and monitor soil moisture.