Youth Personnel Center. Weaving is an ancient craft. What does a weaver do?

Weaving is an ancient craft, the history of which begins with the period of the primitive communal system and accompanies mankind at all stages of development. Weaving preceded weaving, where people used grass, reeds, creepers, strips of leather and animal sinews. Mastering the formation of the canvas, the primary goal of man was to protect the body from environmental influences. For years, decades, centuries, weaving has developed and improved. According to historical data for 5-6 thousand years BC. the first weaving machines appeared. These simple, but basic tools of the weaver's work facilitated and diversified his work. A fabric with a more complex texture and decatization was formed, which gave weaving a different semantic function, i.e. weaving is already considered as a trade and as creativity. For many centuries in a row, climatic, territorial and socio-economic conditions affect the transformation of tissue. The geography of the craft is also expanding. For many nations, weaving is the basis of national culture ...

Since ancient times in Rus' there was a traditional, home-made weaving, which played an important role in the life of the peasants. Every woman in the house from an early age knew how to weave clothes, belts, ribbons, towels, tablecloths, bedspreads, curtains, rugs and much more ... Craftswomen strove to create not only useful, but also beautiful things with their own hands. The decor, color combination, ornamental motifs carried a symbolic meaning in every thing and served not only in everyday life, but were also used for rituals and national ceremonies. Flax, hemp, wool (goat or sheep) were used as raw materials. To begin with, the raw materials were grown, processed, bleached, dyed and spun. And only after that they started the laborious and attention-consuming process of weaving. A variety of techniques (wrap, heddle, sorting, mortgage), the imagination and taste of the weaver made it possible to create beautiful fabrics with national decoration.

In the 13th century the new and main achievement of mankind is the mechanical loom. This invention leads to the formation of manufactories. The next step in development is automation, and in the 18th century, looms begin to weave with the help of a motor. Factories and factories appear. Homespun fabrics are beginning to displace factory fabrics. Weaving is a thing of the past, and it is being replaced by “weaving”.

But the traditions of home weaving were passed down from generation to generation and have survived to this day. Thanks to masters who are against the monotony of the modern environment, this centuries-old craft is being revived even now, it acquires a new sound, like art.

Now you will have another opportunity to expand your world of needlework. On the machines, the canvas is formed simply and quickly! The fabric in the product acquires originality and a new sound, and the product itself becomes exclusive.

On the machines you can create unique, artistic canvases! The pattern on the fabric depends on the idea and imagination of the weaver. Hand weaving has been valued since ancient times and has long been considered an art. This craft at one time began to be forgotten, but now weaving is reviving and gaining more and more popularity!

Description:

Weaver (weaver) - a master in the production of fabrics on a loom. In its modern form, this is mainly a female profession.

Weavers work on looms, which are both manual and mechanical and automated. On the machines, you can weave carpets, tapestries, linen, ribbons, braid. Each type of product and type of weave requires a specific machine.

Historical reference

People learned to weave even before the advent of yarn, in the Stone Age, weaving plant fibers, creepers, strips of leather, etc.

In ancient Greek and Roman literature, the literature of China, India, Asia Minor and Egypt, there is evidence that weaving existed at that time.

The oldest known fabric is considered to be linen fabric, made around 6500 BC. e. It was discovered during archaeological excavations near the Turkish village of Chatal Huiyuk.

On the first weaving devices, the warp of the fabric was located vertically and tied to the horizontal branches of trees. At the ground, the threads were fixed with stones or pegs. The duck was intertwined with the warp by hand.

Already in the 5th millennium BC. e. hand looms were used, which over time became more complicated and improved.

In 1733, the Englishman J. Kay invented a loom with a flying shuttle ("shuttle-plane"), which doubled the productivity of weaving. This was the beginning of the industrial revolution in the textile industry. Home spinning gave way to factory spinning.

In 1786, the English priest E. Cartwright invented a fully mechanized loom, in which he combined all the basic operations of hand weaving. With its appearance, weavers began to serve several machines at the same time. In 1789, he began to use a steam engine in his factory of 20 machine tools.

Modern textile production is based on automated machines. The main task of the weaver is to prevent unnecessary downtime of the machines (quickly eliminate accidental thread breaks, prevent marriage, and quickly eliminate it if it occurs). The weaver checks the quality of incoming threads by number and color, performs preventive work to prevent breakage of the warp (longitudinal) and weft (transverse) threads, fabric defects, controls the density of the fabric and the accuracy of the weave pattern. Widespread multi-station service.

The weaver not only visually observes the looms, but also listens to their work, identifies malfunctions by sound. With the acquisition of professional experience, the sensitivity of the fingers of the worker's hands increases. Weavers subtly feel the quality of the thread and fabric by touch.

The work of a weaver is not only physical. One of the important mental tasks is the right choice of the machine maintenance route. When choosing a route, the weaver takes into account many factors: the operating modes of the machines, the quality of the threads, the humidity and temperature of the air in the workshop, information about the operation of the machines in the previous shift. Knowing how to take into account all the information, the weaver quickly, "on the go" mentally builds the desired route and, in accordance with it, makes a round of the machines. Therefore, an experienced weaver is distinguished not only by the speed of her hands, but also by the thoughtfulness of actions, the accurate prediction of events, which means a small proportion of accidents in the workplace.

Place of work

Weavers serving automated machines work in textile factories.

Masters of hand weaving work individually or in small workshops for the production of tapestries, carpets, etc.

Responsibilities:

• The weaver carries out the production of decorative products and floor paths with one-color enumeration on hand looms.
• It manufactures metal and synthetic nets from wire and synthetic threads of various grades for pulp and paper production on metal looms in accordance with established state standards.
• Prepares and refuels serviced machines.
• Produces a punching of the main threads and wires into shafts and reeds, takes part in the sampling of the warp on the serviced machines.
• Ties shafts according to the dressing pattern and steps to shafts.
• Regulates the supply and tension of the warp, weft density.
• Eliminates the breakage of warp and weft threads, wire, yarn.
• Changes the spool in the shuttle.
• Closes up defects in the product, ties the bases.
• Controls the state of the shuttle.
• It cleans products from the ends of the threads.
• Carries out the removal of accumulated products.
• Cuts and rolls nets into rolls.
• Collects and disposes of waste.
• Maintains serviced machines.

Requirements:

Important qualities

A weaver needs good eyesight, an eye, dexterity of fingers. When working with automated machines, you need good hearing, because. the sound can determine the nature of the machine. Requires physical endurance.

Professional knowledge and skills

It is necessary to have skills in working on machine tools, to know the design of machine tools, the properties of the fibers used, the resulting fabrics, and to be able to eliminate minor breakdowns in the process.

Education

To work as a weaver in a factory, it is enough to have an initial vocational education (VET), which can be obtained at a vocational school.

The next stage of education - secondary vocational (SVE) - allows you to get the specialty "Technology of textile products" (qualification "Technician"). You can learn it in a college or technical school.

In the preparation, the ProfGuide material was used: a list of professions and their description

Suitable educational specialties: Knitter; comber; Spinner; Ribbon.
Key items: The device of machine tools; Properties of the fibers used; received fabrics.

Tuition fee (average in Russia): 20,000 rubles

Job description:

*tuition fees are per course.

Weaver (weaver)- a master in the production of fabrics on a loom.

Features of the profession
In its modern form, this is mainly a female profession.

Weavers work on looms, which are both manual and mechanical and automated.
On the machines, you can weave carpets, tapestries, linen, ribbons, braid. Each type of product and type of weave requires a specific machine.

Modern textile production is based on automated machines. One weaver serves several machines at once: prepares them for work, changes shuttles with yarn, adjusts its tension, and eliminates breaks. When the canvas is ready, remove it from the machine.
An experienced weaver can identify a malfunction in the loom by sound, evaluate the quality of the thread by touch and by eye.
The working day of such a weaver passes in constant walking between the machines.

On the other hand, working with a manual or foot-operated machine requires painstaking work and means sitting in one place for a long time.
Such machines are still used for handicraft production. For example, to create handmade carpets. For the manufacture of highly artistic, ornamental and plot carpets, vertical and horizontal manual looms are used. The warp threads are stretched over the frame, weft threads are passed between them.
In handicraft production, weavers may adhere to certain traditional patterns or work according to the sketch of the artist, according to their own drawing.

Historical reference

People learned to weave even before the advent of yarn, in the Stone Age, weaving plant fibers, creepers, strips of leather, etc.
In ancient Greek and Roman literature, the literature of China, India, Asia Minor and Egypt, there is evidence that weaving existed at that time.
The oldest known fabric is considered to be linen fabric, made around 6500 BC. e. It was discovered during archaeological excavations near the Turkish village of Chatal Huiyuk.

On the first weaving devices, the warp of the fabric was located vertically and tied to the horizontal branches of trees. At the ground, the threads were fixed with stones or pegs. The duck was intertwined with the warp by hand.
Already in the 5th millennium BC. e. hand looms were used, which over time became more complicated and improved.

In 1733, the Englishman J. Kay invented a loom with a flying shuttle ("shuttle-plane"), which doubled the productivity of weaving. This was the beginning of the industrial revolution in the textile industry. Home spinning gave way to factory spinning.

In 1786, the English priest E. Cartwright invented a fully mechanized loom, in which he combined all the basic operations of hand weaving. With its appearance, weavers began to serve several machines at the same time. In 1789, he began to use a steam engine in his factory of 20 machine tools.
Today, automatic machines work in the textile industry.

Workplace
Weavers serving automated machines work in textile factories.
Masters of hand weaving work individually or in small workshops for the production of tapestries, carpets, etc.

Salary pay

from 25 000 rub. up to 40,000 rubles

Important qualities

A weaver needs good eyesight, an eye, dexterity of fingers. When working with automated machines, you need good hearing, because. the sound can determine the nature of the machine. Requires physical endurance.
Health. The weaving shop is a very noisy place. This can be bad for your hearing.
Diseases of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, nervous system, allergies, hearing and vision problems are a contraindication for such work.

Knowledge and skills
It is necessary to have skills in working on machine tools, to know the design of machine tools, the properties of the fibers used, the resulting fabrics, and to be able to eliminate minor breakdowns in the process.

Where do they teach
To work as a weaver in a factory, it is enough to have an initial vocational education (VET), which can be obtained at a vocational school.

The next stage of education - secondary vocational (SVE) - allows you to get the specialty "Technology of textile products" (qualification "Technician").
You can learn it in a college or technical school.

Weaving (weaving) Weaving, like spinning, arose in the Neolithic era and became widespread during the primitive communal system. A hand loom with a vertical warp appeared about 56 thousand years BC. e. F. Engels considered the invention of the loom one of the most important achievements of man at the first stage of his development. During the feudal period, the design of the loom was improved, devices were created to prepare yarn for weaving.

Weaving in folk culture Until a century, weaving was one of the most common household activities in the traditional cultures of the peoples of Russia and neighboring territories. It was used mainly in the manufacture of linen and hemp canvas for underwear, cloth for outerwear, as well as belts and trimmings. The traditions of folk patterned weaving are supported today by numerous enthusiasts and professional artists, including at the enterprises of folk art crafts.

About the weaving loom The history of the creation of the loom goes back to ancient times. Before learning how to weave, people learned to weave simple mats from branches and reeds. And only having mastered the technique of weaving, they thought about the possibility of interlacing the threads. In 1550 BC, the vertical loom was invented. The weaver passed the weft with a thread tied through the warp so that one hanging thread was on one side of the weft, and the next on the other. Thus, odd warp threads appeared on top of the transverse thread, and even threads below, or vice versa. This method completely repeated the weaving technique and took a lot of time and effort.

Weaver is one of the ancient professions that deals with production. This profession originated 20 thousand years ago.

A weaver is an employee of a weaving workshop. By the way, in the Middle Ages, this profession was not quite popular.

Functional and job responsibilities of a weaver

The weaver is engaged in the production of cloth, that is, weaving. Moreduties of a weaverinclude quality control of the manufactured product, elimination of minor problems in weaving machines. As a rule, not everyone is involved in troubleshooting, but only those workers who understand certain equipment. In the same way, the weaver takes the finished materials and rolls them into rolls, eliminates the breakage of the threads on the loom, closes up defects, collects and throws away waste that the loom did not need.

Qualification requirements for a weaver

To work as a weaver, you need to have a secondary vocational education, that is, you need to graduate from a special college. In addition, in order to fulfill the existing weaving requirements, need to h to find all the properties of yarn, fabrics, fibers, as well as the structure of fabrics, and you definitely need to know how the loom works. Physical endurance is one of the main skills that should be inherent in a weaver, as well as attentiveness, observation, a good eye, and sleight of hand.

Career and salary of a weaver

The work is not so much promising as interesting, because weaver career and salary shaped mostly by personal experience and the quality of work. In enterprises there are not so many steps for career development.