Drilling a well for water with your own hands - device technology and a step-by-step guide. Do-it-yourself well in the country: an overview of technologies and tools for manual drilling

An equipped water well is an autonomous and reliable source of water supply for a summer house or a private house.

The organization of individual water supply is not always caused by the lack of centralized supply water, the reason may be the low quality of water in the main, interruptions in supply, deterioration of the water supply network, the high cost of water, its shortage, and other factors.

Almost all owners of dachas or country cottages have an autonomous source of water. Another thing is that their choice may differ. Someone prefers a well, someone likes a well.

By the way, it will be useful to familiarize yourself with the comparative characteristics -.

This article is for those who opted for a well.

It should be noted that wells are divided into two types depending on the depth of drilling.

Types of wells for water

Since do-it-yourself drilling is supposed, we will consider in more detail the arrangement of wells for sand, as the most accessible in terms of independent implementation.

Drilling a well for water - step by step instructions

1. Depth determination

• shallow (up to 3 m) well breaks through if the aquifer is close to the ground surface, and the water is supposed to be used only for technical needs or irrigation. To drill such a well, a drill, a casing pipe and a hand pump are sufficient;

• medium deep (up to 7 m) well provide water suitable for human consumption. In order to drill a well on your own, in addition to the drill, you will need a shovel and time to build a pit. A pit (pit) with dimensions of 1.5x1.5x1.5 is designed to facilitate drilling to great depths. For convenience, it can be reinforced with plywood or boards. After completion of work, the pit falls asleep. Water is supplied by a pump;

• deep (more than 7 m) well, will completely close the need for water for all residents of a private house or cottage. At the same time, there will be enough water not only for individual consumption, but also for technical needs, sanitary requirements, irrigation, maintenance of a pool or pond (reservoir).

In general, the choice of the type of water intake is determined after a geological study of the location of the well organization. We propose to consider the last option - the device deep well with your own hands, as the most difficult of the presented.

2. Well drilling methods

The listed types of wells (this does not apply to artesian or lime wells) can be drilled using the following methods (technologies):

Auger drilling using an auger drill.

Core drilling (an annular drill is used). Percussion drilling. IN this case a drill bit is used, which is driven into the soil without excavation. The soil is simply compacted away from the axis of the bit. The chisel is hammered using a tripod with a winch. Percussion rotary drilling. The work of the drill is supplemented by washing out the soil with water. The method is laborious for individual use. Rotary drilling (provided by a mobile drilling rig).

The photo shows a small-sized drilling rig MGB50P-02S with a movable hydraulic rotator manufactured by Horizontal.

3. Water well drilling project

In the event that the depth of the aquifer is known exactly, it can be drilled directly with the size of the drill for the casing. If not, you will first need to find out at what depth the aquifer lies.

Thus, any well is an individual project, which is influenced by the following parameters:

• geological structure of the soil;

• selected drilling method;

• requirements that are put forward to the quantity and quality of water;

• requirement to withstand necessary distances to places of pollution (arrangement " sanitary zone»);

• depth of the aquifer. Moreover, this does not mean the first vein to which the drill has reached, but the one that will meet the conditions of use in terms of ensuring the debit of the well.

4. Water well drilling tools

Since the shock-rope method is described manual drilling, then its advantages should be noted:

• preservation of most of the useful soil layer in its original state. Those. heavy equipment will not damage the plantings on the site;

• no restrictions on the place of drilling. A hand drill can be drilled in almost any part of the site;

• simplicity of equipment and minimum requirements for the qualification of the driller.

For work you will need:

• shovel;

• drill with a reinforced cutting part. Tip: you can strengthen the drill by welding cutters onto the screw, the role of which can be played by file elements or a metal shank. In addition, cutters can be sharpened using a grinder;

• trolley for the removal of excavated soil;

• pump type "baby" with a hose;

• container with water.

Suitable for furnishing:

• crushed stone or gravel for a pillow;
• steel wire for the filter;
• pipes;
• wire for arranging a bottom filter.

5. Choice of location and arrangement of the pit

With the help of hired specialists or folk methods (dowsing, barometric method, using silica gel, by the amount of dew, exploratory drilling, etc.), we determine the place where the aquifer is closest to the surface.

Next, we dig a hole. This is the development of soil of a certain depth, the purpose of which is to facilitate the process of drilling a well.

Pit arrangement milestone for two reasons.

Firstly, the depth of drilling with a drill is reduced.

Secondly, the possibility of soil collapse around the well is excluded.

The dimensions of the pit are determined by the driller, but usually they are 1.5x1.5 and 1.5-2.5m. in depth. So that the soil does not sprinkle, the pit is reinforced with plywood, boards or metal.

6. First method: tripod - drilling rig

A tripod is a percussion-cable mechanism for drilling water wells. support structure will be needed in order to facilitate the drilling process through the use of a drill glass.

The tripod can be made of wood (knots are excluded) or a metal pipe (or profile). The length of the beam or pipe should be 4-5 m. How to make a tripod for drilling can be seen in the diagram. Further, a mechanical winch with a cable is attached to the tripod, on which the drill glass is fixed.

Such a drilling rig is compact and has a significant margin of safety. The principle of operation of the installation is simple: a glass falling into the ground absorbs the soil. Depending on the composition of the soil in one stroke, you can choose from 20 cm to 1 m of soil. To facilitate the work, you can fill the drilling site with water. From time to time, the drill glass must be cleaned of soil stuffed into it.

Attention: The cable on which the drill is attached must be longer than the depth of the well. Otherwise, it will break off, and the drill will remain at the bottom.

The casing pipe can be installed simultaneously with the advance to the depth or after all the work has been completed.

7. The second method - casing and drill

During the drilling process, you can immediately install the casing. Then its diameter must be greater than the diameter of the drill, so that the drill can move freely in the pipe.

When performing work, you need to constantly monitor the moisture content of the soil being removed so as not to miss the aquifer (otherwise it can be closed with a pipe). The main features are below.

Material prepared for the site site

After an aquifer is discovered, it is necessary to pump out dirty water in order to understand whether there is enough water in a given vein. For this, a submersible or hand pump is used.

If after pumping out 2-3 buckets muddy water, clean still has not appeared, drilling should continue to a more capacious layer.

Important: the pump is not designed for such operating conditions, so after water treatment it may break. It is recommended to use only a high-quality pump.

8. Well casing

For casing, steel or plastic pipes(service life up to 50 years). But the use of galvanized pipes is not recommended, due to the risk of water contamination with zinc impurities.

The meaning of the upset is as follows:

• prevention of shedding of the walls of the well;

• prevention of well silting;

• elimination of the possibility for perched water to enter the well (water from the upper layers, melt or rain water);

• eliminating the risk of clogging the well.

The installation of the casing pipe is carried out immediately after the completion of work or directly during the drilling process.

Tip: if the pipes go "creaking" you need to attach a sledgehammer to them.

9. Flushing the well with water after drilling

The installation of a casing pipe does not end there. Now you need to flush the well. To do this, a pipe is lowered into it, through which water is supplied under pressure. Thanks to the pressure of water, a layer of clay and sand will be washed out of the well, which must be pumped out. After the appearance pure water it needs to be analyzed. Requirements for the quality of water from a well are regulated by SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 (Russia) or DSanPіN 2.2.4-171-10 (Ukraine). If the water quality is satisfactory, work can continue.

10. Bottom filter for sand well

The purpose of the filter is to protect the pipe from silting.

How to make a filter for a well?

You can make a slotted filter with your own hands, for this you need to make notches (cuts) with a grinder at the end of the pipe.

Tip: for notches you need to use thin disc(0.8mm). Pay attention - many notches will weaken the pipe.

Alternatively, you can drill holes in the pipe. Next, the place of notches / drilling must be wrapped with wire or mesh. Lay the filter obtained in this way on a crushed stone pillow, the filling of which will prevent the filter from silting up. Tip: the diameter of the filter pipe should be smaller than the diameter of the main pipes in order to be able to dive into the well without problems.

by the most simple option there will be a purchase of a ready-made filter.

Important: without a filter, the well will not work for long. Its absence is justified only in deep water wells (more than 40 m)

11. Well debit for water

To get a complete picture of the capacity of the well for sand, you need to wait a day, and then check the level of incoming water. If the incoming water is sufficient for the needs of users, the distance between the soil and the casing can be filled. The pit is also buried.

12. The buildup of a well for water after drilling

This is a required step. To perform buildup or simply final cleaning of the well, you need to install a high-power centrifugal pump and periodically pump out water for 1.5-2 weeks.

Tip: You should decide in advance where the pumped water will be redirected.

13. Drilling a water well with your own hands - video

Manual technology using the shock-rope method of hole punching.

14. Installing a pump for a well for water

Please note that surface-type pumps are not intended for installation in a well. Due to the depth limitation of 8 m. For these purposes, only submersible pump- centrifugal or vibration. Each of the subspecies has its own advantages, and final choice can be done by analyzing the influence of such factors as:

• well depth;
• water level in the well;
• casing diameter;
• well debit;
• water pressure in the well;
• well pump cost.

15. Putting the well into operation

If drilling a well under water was not carried out independently, but with the involvement of a third-party organization, then before accepting work, you need to require the following documents:

• hydrogeological conclusion on the possibility of implementing a water well project;

• well passport;

• permission of the sanitary and epidemiological station (checks the quality of water and the compliance of the sanitary zone with the requirements);

• certificate of completion.

If all the work will be done independently, then the main thing is not to rush, but to withstand the technology and comply with all key points water well drilling process. However, do not forget that only the use quality materials(in particular, pipes and a pump) will be the key to the long-term functioning of the well.

Drilling a well under water may be required for owners of sites where there is no running water or a well, or the water in them is undrinkable.

The owners have to choose between an uncomfortable life without water and drilling a well. How to drill a well yourself and get drinking water, you will learn from this article.

Drilling technology

A water well is a serious hydraulic engineering facility, the efficiency and service life of which depend on the design and compliance with the technology.

The first thing to do when drilling a hole in the ground under water is to determine the location of the future source of water. Drilling begins after the layout of the site.

A place is needed not only for the well itself, but also for the drilling rig and additional mechanisms, so there must be an entrance to the future well. It is necessary to provide a place for draining technical water.

Approximately for drilling a shaft under water, it will be required flat area size 40 - 50 square meters.

In order for water-carrying equipment and a drilling rig to enter it, the width of the entrance gate must be at least 3 meters. Above the drilling site should not pass electrical wires.

According to building codes:

• the trunk cannot be drilled closer than 3 meters from the house;
• nothing can be built over it;
• There should be access for vehicles.

The technology of drilling a well under water involves three types of work.

Destruction of rocks - most often used destruction by various mechanisms.

In industry, the rock is destroyed mechanically, thermally or explosively, but when drilling wells under water in individual areas, the last two technologies are not used.

Excavation - mechanical and hydraulic methods can be used for this work.

With the hydraulic method, the soil from the well is lifted to the surface with a liquid under pressure: water or a water-clay solution. At mechanical way use special equipment: drills, augers, bailers.

Strengthening the walls - it is not enough to drill a hole in the ground. So that its walls do not crumble, it will be necessary to equip the trunk.

To fix the walls, a metal casing made of black steel, electric-welded or solid, is inserted into the hole.

Pipe sections can be connected threaded connection or by welding. If it is assumed that the water from the well will be drunk, then a galvanized pipe cannot be used.

Ideal for pipes through which artesian water will pass - stainless steel but this material is too expensive.

Now, most often, the construction of wells under water using double casing technology is used, when an insert from a plastic pipe made of HDPE or PVC is inserted into the main metal column.

This allows you to significantly increase the life of the well.

Four ways to self-drill a well under water

The choice of drilling method depends on the technical and financial capabilities, as well as on the desired specifications future hydrotechnical facility.

The auger method is suitable when you need to drill a small well in the area. Drilling is carried out with an auger, the blades of which simultaneously destroy the soil and carry it up.

Auger - a device resembling a corkscrew in shape and mechanism of action. Its blades can be welded at a right angle - in this case, they enter the soil also at a right angle and crush it before being fed to the surface.

In this case, part of the soil may fall to the bottom and require additional extraction to the surface.

A more advanced way of drilling is when the blades are welded to the axis obliquely. Such an auger enters the soil and removes it without crushing and spilling.

Core method - used for drilling special tool in the form of a tube with a nozzle at the end, which is a core column with hard metal cutters.

The method is suitable if you have to drill hard rocky rocks. In this case, the soil is first broken with a chisel, and then raised to the surface with a crown.

The tube rotates, sludge is clogged into it and brought to the surface. A completely clogged pipe is removed and cleaned of rock by hitting with a heavy sledgehammer.

In the process of drilling a well using a core method, water with a suspension of clay must be supplied to the hole - this protects the walls of the well from shedding.

The shock-rope method consists in the fact that the soil is first broken with a heavy tool, and then removed using a cutting and gripping device located at the end of the pipe.

This device is called a bailer. A two-meter-high tripod is placed above the site of the future well. A block is equipped on it, through which a cable with a bailer fixed on it is passed.

If it is planned to equip a well with a length of less than 10 meters, then the construction of a tripod is optional.

But in any case, if the well is pierced with your own hands, then this device will facilitate the process, since when working with a tripod, you do not need to apply a lot of physical strength.

Percussion-rotary - in this case, drilling is accelerated due to the fact that the installation makes both percussion and reverse advancement.

The method is considered the most productive method of drilling channels under water in rocky soil.

Drilling a well under water with an ice drill

If you need to drill a shallow well under water with your own hands on a site with soft soil with minimal cost, then you can take a regular ice drill.

In the process of drilling, the tool is built up with homemade rods. Ice drill knives replace the auger, and rods can be crafted manually from steel pipes approx 2.5 cm in diameter.

An ice drill is used for drilling ice and frozen ground during winter fishing or mountaineering. For drilling earth will suit fishing ice drill.

The ice drill is a light tool with sharp knives. Him correct angle attacks, thanks to which the knives easily bite into the ground.

It is quite possible for them to dig a shallow well under water or a hole for poles in the area. The ice drill takes dry soil well, but gets stuck in wet soil. It is unsuitable for clay drilling.

To speed up work, cutters need to be welded to the edge of the ice screw blades. In addition to the ice drill and rods, casing pipes will be required to secure the hole, a shovel and a trolley for loading and removing soil from the site.

How to drill a hole in the ground with an ice drill with your own hands?

The work consists of the following stages:

• dig a hole 40-50 centimeters deep with a shovel;
• a drill is placed in the pit and, rotating, it is introduced into the ground according to the rule of tightening the screws;
• having made 3-4 turns, the tool is pulled out and manually cleared of the ground;
• after driving the first meter, you need to start forming a channel for water, for this, a casing pipe is lowered into the hole.

Tip: it is correct when the diameter of the pipe is slightly larger than the ice screw. When arranging a well with your own hands, it is better to use light plastic pipes that are connected to each other using a threaded connection.

When the tool is completely underground, stop drilling and attach an extension to the drill (using thread, soldering or a steel rod pin).

You need to drill until the top 10 centimeters of the casing pipe remains on the surface. The next segment is fixed on it.

Making the arrangement of the walls, periodically check their verticality, leveling with pieces of wood. The wedges are driven into the gap between the ground and the outer wall of the pipe.

Drilling continues until water appears in the well. After that, the work is stopped, the tool is removed and the filter is installed.

Tip: the gap in the ground near the pipe must be filled with rubble.

Pipes can be inserted into the hole not during, but after drilling, but in this case the well will have to be freed again from the soil that has spilled down.

Then the pipes are alternately lowered into the shaft and connected to each other after the next section of the pipe goes down.

Final works

You drilled a well under water with your own hands, but this is only the first stage. Now you need to carry out the arrangement of your hydraulic structure.

The arrangement includes:

• installation of a caisson;
• pump start;
• installation of electrical equipment;
• laying pipes for water.

The arrangement of an artesian well is carried out without fail, but if there is not enough money, then this can be done a little later.

Arrangement is not necessary if it is decided to drill a small well on the site solely for watering the garden and other non-domestic needs.

Arrangement begins with the installation of the caisson. For the caisson, a head is made, that is, soil is removed around the upper edge of the casing and the caisson is lowered to a depth of about two meters.

Thus, the hole from which water will flow will be in the center of the caisson. The pipe is hermetically connected to the inner edges of the caisson.

The installation of a caisson is needed to prevent flooding of the well with groundwater. Without a caisson, the water at the mouth of the hole can freeze in winter.

What is a caisson device? The caisson can be made with your own hands from a piece of an ordinary pipe, the diameter of which is approximately one meter.

The wall thickness of the caisson should be about 4 millimeters. From the inside, the caisson is coated with an anti-corrosion compound, it is isolated from water from the outside, and it must be closed with a lid from above.

The pipe, through which water rises, leaves the caisson - its upper end is below the freezing of the soil.

The pump for the well must supply water under sufficient pressure. A waterproof cable is mounted to the pump and a metal cable is attached for insurance.

The end of the cable is fixed on the head of the casing string.

If desired, you can install automatic controls with your own hands so as not to turn on the pump manually.

The pump control panel allows the device to automatically turn on and off depending on the pressure of the accumulator.

Hydraulic accumulator ( membrane tank) protects the pump motor from running dry and from power surges.

Practice shows that drilling a hydrowell with your own hands is quite labor-intensive, but possible.

If there are no funds to hire drilling equipment and you have to do everything yourself, then you need to approach the matter responsibly - choose the right drilling option depending on the soil on the site, read the instructions.

But as a result, you will get high-quality water from a do-it-yourself hydraulic facility.

Water on suburban area or in a private house - a necessary resource, without which it is impossible. However, the organization of a common water supply is often impractical. Due to the remoteness of land holdings from each other, centralized water supply is an expensive pleasure. An individual source of water is easier and cheaper to use. However, first you need to organize it. Own well will provide its owner with confidence that household needs plot and housing will be satisfied. At the same time, the owners do not have to pay for water supply, counting each cubic meter of water spent. It is difficult and expensive to dig a well, but drilling a well on your own is realistic if you are familiar with the drilling technology and the type of well device.

Types of wells and their features

Before drilling, the territory of the site must be explored, determining the level of occurrence ground water. The amount of work that will need to be done in order for the well to become water-bearing will depend on this parameter. The type of well is chosen, precisely taking into account the depth of the water-containing formation.

If water occurs at a depth of 3-12 m, choose the type "". At a depth of up to 50 m, a sand well is used, and an artesian one, if the water lies in the ground at least 200 m. Almost every summer resident can manually perform the first two types, but an artesian well will require a drilling rig and professional drillers.

Drilling a sand well by hand

This type of source involves pumping water from a depth of up to 50 m. A sand well is called so because it "produces water" from a water-containing sandy layer of soil, which is usually just fifty meters deep. This depth does not guarantee the purity of the water, so it is recommended to periodically check the contents of the well in the sanitation station for the presence of organic and chemical compounds.

To organize a sand well, a classic scheme with a pump is used. And to purify water from suspensions and debris, they use a filter installed at a depth. The filter needs to be cleaned regularly. The service life of a sand well is about 15 years.

Organization of the well "Abyssinian well"

This is the simplest well-needle in execution. It is shallow, so you need to take care of carefully choosing a place for it.

Nearby there should be no septic tanks, garbage heaps, cesspools and sewage pits. Because of the shallow depth harmful substances may seep into the source, contaminating it.

If there are no pebbles and other hard rocks in the soil, well drilling can be carried out in the area around the house or right in the basement of the house. The well in the basement is convenient to use even in cold weather. Equipped with a home well manual column and a pump so that water can be used, regardless of the availability of electricity.

Drilling an artesian well

Provided that there are already wells of this type in neighboring areas, there is a high probability of occurrence of water in the limestone layer in this area. In other cases, drillers are ordered an experimental well to determine the depth of water. An artesian well can provide water to several sites at once. Often drilling is ordered in a pool to save money and get the desired result.

The choice of the type of well depends on the type of soil and the planned amount of water consumed. An Abyssinian well and a sand well will provide a good low flow. And if the flow rate is from 10 cubic meters per hour, you will need to arrange an artesian well. It is better to drill any well away from potential pollutants and close to home so that there are no problems with laying water pipes.

Drilling equipment and tools

When drilling artesian wells, drilling rigs are used by professionals. For smaller wells, a conventional tripod with a winch is suitable. It will lower and raise the drilling tool, consisting of a core barrel, drill rods, a core for drilling, a drill.

Special equipment, without which it is problematic to make a well, is a drilling tool that will help you go deeper into the ground (auger), a tripod and a winch. To drill a well with your own hands, you will need a metal auger. An ice drill, which is used during winter fishing, can act as an auger. The main thing is that the drill should be made of high-strength steel. This is the most cheap option well drilling. In addition to a tripod, you will need pipes different diameter(water pipes, hoses, casing pipe), valves, caisson, filters, well pump.

Drilling work: stages

1. First you need to dig a hole or a pit, the dimensions of which are 150 by 150 cm. In order for the recess not to crumble, its walls are lined with plywood, boards, pieces of chipboard. Another option is to dig a trunk with a diameter of 15-20 cm and a depth of 1 m with an ordinary drill. This is done so that the pipe is more stable in a vertical position.

2. A strong metal or wooden tripod is placed directly above the recess (it is called a drilling rig), fixing a winch at the junction of its supports. Log towers are more common. A drill column with one and a half meter (with self-drilling) rods hangs on a tripod. The rods are threaded into one pipe, fixed with a clamp. This design is used for lifting and lowering equipment.

The pump is selected in advance in order to determine the diameter of the future well and core barrel. The pump must pass freely into the pipe. That is why the difference between the diameter of the pump and the inner diameter of the pipe must be at least 5 mm.

Descent-ascent of drilling equipment - and there is drilling a well. The bar is rotated while hitting it from above with a chisel. It is much more convenient to do this together: the first turns with a gas wrench, and the second hits the bar from above, breaking through the rock. Using a winch simplifies the process: it is much easier to lift and lower equipment into the well with it. The rod is marked during drilling. Marks are required for orientation. The markings help you determine when it's time to pull out the rod and clean the drill. It is usually recommended to do this approximately every half a meter.

3. To make it easier to overcome different layers of soil, special drills are used.

• spiral drill (otherwise, coil) - for clay soils;
• drill bit for loosening hard soils;
• drill spoons for sandy soil;
• bailer helps to raise the soil to the surface.

4. The sandy layer is easier to pass with a drill spoon, adding water during drilling. If the ground is hard, use a chisel. Drill bits are cross and flat. In any case, their purpose is to help loosen hard rocks. Quicksands are overcome by impact.

With clay soil, you will need a coil, bailer and drill spoon. Serpentine or spiral drills pass clay soils well, because they have a design similar to a spiral, and the pitch of the spiral is equal to the diameter of the drill. The size of the lower base of the drill is from 45 to 85 mm, the blade is from 258-290 mm. Pebble beds containing gravel are punched, alternating bailer and chisel, with casing pipes. Sometimes you can not do without pouring water into the hole. This can significantly simplify the task of drilling a well. The option of drilling a well with a pump also deserves consideration.

Soil drilling process

5. If the rock brought to the surface has become important, then the aquifer is already close. It takes a little more depth to cross the aquifer. Drilling will become noticeably easier, but you can not stop. You need to find a waterproof layer with a drill.

Well construction and buildup

After the desired depth is reached, the next stage begins - arrangement. A filter column is lowered into the finished well, consisting of a pipe, a sump and a filter. You can make it yourself from a filtration mesh, perforation and casing, or use a ready-made, store-bought sand filter for a submersible pump.

To strengthen the pipe, the space behind it is covered with crushed stone of a 5 mm fraction or coarse sand. The backfill must be above the level of the filter. Filter - essential element any well. The main function of the filter is to protect against sand and large impurities. In parallel with backfilling, water is pumped into a pipe with a sealed upper end. This manipulation helps to flush the annulus and the filter. After washing, a natural barrier for large impurities is formed. Gelation of the well with a nozzle-bailer or screw pump means that water is pumped out of a fresh well until the water is clean and clear. This stage is called buildup. For her most often use an electric centrifugal pump. The advantage of this mechanism is that it can pump high-density liquid media. An ordinary household pump is also acceptable, but it will require more effort and time. In case of problems with the power supply, it is possible to use a hand pump.

After pumping on a safety cable, the pump is lowered to a depth (see the picture above). A water pipe or hose with a diameter of 25 or 50 mm is connected to it. The choice of diameter depends on the capabilities of the well - the amount of water that can be pumped out of the well in a certain period of time.

If applicable metal pipe, the pump is not fixed. Instead, a waterproof cable is attached to the pipe from the pump.

Well pump. Peculiarities

To select a pump correct power, it is necessary to take into account such parameters as:

1. well debit, indicators of its depth;
2. casing diameter;
3. remoteness of the well from the house.

The required pump power directly depends on these parameters. At a shallow depth (up to 9 m), a self-priming surface pump will do, in other cases a submersible borehole pump will serve well.

After the pump is immersed, a pipe is brought out into the wellhead equipped with a caisson, welded to its head. A valve is installed on it, which will open the way for water up and regulate the flow. With an excessive water intake rate, an unproductive well will quickly dry up, and the pump, working idle, will fail. Pipes are connected in the caisson, which will be the conduit to the room. For them, it is required to provide waterproofed and insulated trenches. You can read about how to choose a pump for a well, but about how to choose a pump for a well -.

Well operation

Wells of all types need timely cleaning. Signs that an aquifer needs service can be: jerks in the water outlet, the presence of air locks, impurities (silt, sand). If maintenance is missed, well productivity may no longer recover. To restore normal functions, the well is purged with water or air compressor. More radical methods cleaning - with acid or electricity. However, these methods are risky and are best left to professionals.

Tips for those who make a well on their own

Before starting work, it would be good to ask your neighbors about the level of water in your area. If there are wells nearby, look there.

The water level above 5 m is good news, because the only tools needed for drilling are a garden drill.

A small-sized drilling rig or a mechanical drilling device - "handbrake" can be rented. So you get the opportunity to use convenient equipment and not pay a lot of money for it.

Do not lower the water pipe into the well to the very bottom. It should not reach the deepest point of about half a meter. This way the water will flow better.

The pipe leading to the well must have on the surface ventilation holes otherwise, without access to air, the water will quickly become stale. It is convenient to equip a hinged cover on the pipe so that there is constant access to the well.

The most convenient for well equipment is a one-piece plastic pipe.

After the well has earned, be sure to give your water for examination. Water is recognized as drinking water if its transparency is at least 30 cm, the nitrate content is not more than 10 mg/l, there are less than 10 E. coli per 1 liter, and the maximum odor and taste score is 3 points.

Disadvantages and advantages of manual well drilling

Advantages: low cost; no need to drive to the site of bulky special equipment; due to the relatively small depth, homemade wells pumped faster, dragged less; if there is no electricity, water can be obtained with a manual suction pump.

The main disadvantage of self-drilling is the limited depth, the lack of specialists who can help maintain a home-made well. Thus, after reading this article, we hope that you will have no questions about how to drill a well with your own hands.

You bought a piece of land with good strong home but there is a problem with the water supply. The central one has long been out of order, and water has to be brought to the site. How to solve the problem with regular water supply and is it possible to do anything at all? Do-it-yourself arrangement of a well at the dacha will help to solve the problem for drinking water. From the article you will learn what work needs to be carried out in order to provide a summer cottage with a good drinking water.

Determination of the location of drilling a well

First of all, you should get to know your neighbors and find out how they solved the issue of water supply. If they already have wells on the plots, look at their location. It is possible that neighbors use imported water. In this case, you will need to study the soil layers on the site. The results of the research are usually invested in the construction project. From the documents you will find out the level of occurrence of the aquifer and the line of the flow of surface groundwater.

The next step is to determine the location of drilling a well in the country. The simplest and most commonly used method for finding water is the frame method or the rod method. A man holds two curved metal wires in his outstretched hands. Trying not to change the position of the hands, he moves around the site. In the place where the underground key flows closest to the surface, the wires will begin to twist and cross. Having determined the place of drilling, it is necessary to choose the type of wells suitable for you under water.

The correct choice of the location, depth and materials of the well in the country is a guarantee of obtaining clean drinking water in sufficient quantities.

Types of wells

The choice of the type of well depends on the depth of the aquifer, the volume drilling operations and drilling technology.

1 - waterproof soils, 2 - water intake from the perch, 3 - perch, 4 - a well to the upper aquifer, 5 - waterproof soils, 6 - the first aquifer, 7 - artesian waters, 8 - artesian well, 9 - sandy well.

If the aquifer is at a depth of 3 to 12 meters. Two people can dig it out by hand. In the people, this type of well is called a needle. The small depth of water intake requires especially careful determination of the drilling site.

The location of the well-needle should be as far away from cesspool, sewer pipes.

One of the options for arranging a well can be drilling it right in the basement under the house. In this case, it will be easy and simple to draw water even in the most severe frosts. Owners of cottages install on a well and a manual column.

A sand well is used when the aquifer occurs no more than 50 meters. The arrangement of such a well in the country will have to be carried out using special equipment. The very name of the well suggests that water is extracted from a sandy aquifer. The quality of the produced water may vary. It is necessary to do an analysis in the sanitary and epidemiological station to determine the suitability of water for drinking. After drilling is completed, a pump with a filter is lowered into the well. It will have to be periodically taken out for cleaning.

The artesian well is the deepest. It is impossible to drill it on your own, so a team of specialists with a powerful drilling rig is hired. The water-bearing reservoir lies at a depth of more than 50 m. The maximum depth of the well is 200 m. If the neighbors do not have a well of this type, place an order for drilling an experimental well to determine the depth of the aquifer. In order to save money, it is worth agreeing with neighbors to drill one well for several houses. There is enough water for everyone.

What better well or a well in the country and which of the presented types is suitable for you to determine yourself. If you do not plan to consume water in large volumes and on the site suitable soil, stop the choice on a well, a well-needle or sandy. Large water consumption can only be provided by an artesian well.

Drilling a well in the country

Specialists use special drilling rigs, and for drilling a well with their own hands, it is necessary to prepare a winch, a drill and a strong, reliable tripod. A solid ice drill is chosen as a drilling tool.

For furnishing, purchase:

• several types of pipes differing in diameter;
• valves;
• powerful deep pump;
• good quality filter;
• caisson.

1. Stage number 1. At the drilling site, dig a hole with sides equal to 1.5 m and a depth of up to 1 m. Sheathe the inside with plywood or boards.
2. Stage number 2. Install a tripod over the pit and secure the winch. With the help of a structure consisting of rods connected in one pipe, the drill is raised and lowered. Fix the rods with a clamp.

The diameter of the well depends on the pumping equipment used. The main requirement is the free movement of the pump in the pipe. Pump size should be 5mm. less than the inner diameter of the pipe.

It is better to drill a well on your own in the country shock method. It is advisable to do this together. One turns the barbell using a gas wrench, and a partner hits it with a chisel from above. It is advisable to take out and clean the drill every half a meter. During the passage of soil layers, the drill can be changed to facilitate work and speed up the process. Clay soils are easier to pass with a spiral drill. Hard soil containing gravel is loosened with a chisel. For the sandy layer, use a drill spoon. With the help of a bailer, the soil is raised.

Stage number 3. The first sign of approaching an aquifer is the appearance of wet rock. Continue work until the drill reaches the waterproof layer.

Arrangement of a well in the country

Having reached the required level, proceed to the arrangement of a well for water in the country. A good quality filter can be made by hand. This requires a casing pipe, perforation and a filtration mesh. Collect the filter column from the pipe, filter and sump and lower it into the well.

Now you should prepare a mixture of coarse sand and fine gravel. Fill the space between the pipe and the wall of the well with the mixture. At the same time, pump water inside to rinse the filter.

The buildup of the well is done using auger centrifugal pump. Pump out water until it comes to the surface clean, transparent. Tie the pump to a safety rope and lower it into the pipe. Now you can connect the well in the country with the water supply in the house.

The model and power of the well pump depends on the size of the casing, the depth of the well and its distance from home. Surface pump used for shallow wells. For all others, a downhole submersible model is needed.

• Find out the groundwater level in your area.
• To drill a shallow well up to 5 m deep, use a garden drill.
• It is better to rent a mechanical drilling device.
• The water pipe should not reach the bottom of the well by a maximum of 0.5 m.
• Equip ventilation holes on the pipe leading to the well.
• After the well is launched, the water will be submitted for examination.

Now you know how to drill a well in the country on your own and build it up. Every man can provide his family with drinking water in the country. The main thing is not to be afraid and enlist the support of relatives and friends. Without them, it is very difficult to solve the problem with water supply. How did you solve the problem with water in your summer cottage? We are interested in hearing about your experience. Leave comments on the article.

How to drill a well (video)

Arrangement of a well for water (video)

Of course you can drill your own well. Just for starters, you need to have an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bhow this is done and what kind of water you want to get in the end.

Some people think whether it is possible to make it in a well. Theoretically it is possible, but not necessary. It will just incur additional costs. It is better to install it near the well.

Let's go through the process of doing this work step by step. You will be offered instructions, you can also see everything from photos and videos and understand how it is done. After all, there is a rather high price of the issue, this quality water in the house.

Types of wells

Drilling a well in the country is not so difficult. Its price will depend on the depth of the water. A sand well will be much cheaper from and this should also be taken into account.

Well on the sand	Done to a great depth. Therefore, it is quite possible to do all the work with your own hands and this will significantly reduce the cost of your venture. Before starting work, you should find out what quality the water is at a shallow depth. To do this, it is best to take a sample from the neighbors and take it for examination and check the quality. We will give the parameters below.
Artesian well	Suitable for the place where you live permanently. This water is of better quality. But the work will cost more. Here it would be better to hire a specialized organization. And immediately it will be necessary to provide for its cleaning. It is located in lime layers and therefore has a high iron content. Immediately provide for proper filtering.
Abyssinian well	Abyssinian well or tubular, has a depth of about 8-12 meters. Its difference is that the water in it is much cleaner. Here the top water does not get in, just as dirt and dust cannot penetrate;

Attention: If you do not live permanently in the country and you only need water for irrigation, then you can safely make such a design.

Determining the quality of water

Water in a well or well is considered drinking water in the following cases:

• When the water is clear thirty centimeters deep;
• When nitrate impurities do not exceed 10 mg/l;
• When one liter of water contains no more than 10 Escherichia coli;
• When the taste and smell on a five-point scale, water is estimated at least three points.

To determine these indicators, water must be subjected to laboratory analysis in the sanitary and epidemic service.

How to drill a well

Let's analyze this process from a theoretical point of view:

• Work begins with digging a hole, whose depth and diameter must be at least two meters, or a side of one and a half meters. This measure prevents further shedding of the soil of the upper layer.
• The pit is strengthened with plank shields. Further, with the help of a column and a drilling rig, a well is drilled. The drill column is suspended on a tower at the central point of the future well.
• The drill string consists of several rods, which, with the help of adapter sleeves, are lengthened during the drilling process. The drill head is mounted at the end of the column.
• The tower is mounted from logs, steel pipes, a channel or a corner, which are made into a tripod, at the top of which a winch is attached.

Attention: If the water is shallow, drilling can be done without a tower. In this case, special shortened rods one and a half meters long are used. If you cannot do without a tower during drilling, the length of the rods in this case should be at least three meters.

What to drill

The equipment and method of drilling is selected based on the type of soil. The tool used must be made of carbon steel.

Drilling is carried out using the following drill heads:

• For drilling in clay soils a drill is used in the form of a spiral with a base of 45-85 mm and a blade 258-290 mm long.
• In percussion drilling, a drill bit is used. The drill can have a flat, cruciform and other shapes.
• Drilling in loam, sandy clay or clayey sand is carried out using a spoon drill made in the form of a spoon and having a spiral or longitudinal slot. This drill has a diameter of 70-200 mm and a length of 700 mm and deepens for a passage of 30-40 cm.
• Extraction of loose soil is carried out with the help of a drill-bailer using the impact method. The bailers are made from a three-meter pipe and have a piston and ordinary appearance. Inside the bailer should have a diameter of 25-96 mm, outside 95-219 mm, its weight should be 89-225 kg.

Drilling is a cyclic process, periodically accompanied by cleaning of the drilling tool from the soil. Cleaning is carried out with the complete extraction of the drill from the soil. Accordingly, the difficulty of extracting them from the well depends on the length of the hose.

well drilling

A well in the area can be drilled using one of the drilling methods:

• Shnekov.
• Rotary.
• Shock-rope.

Drilling technologies differ among themselves in the ways of destruction of rocks inside the well and the option of extracting soil from the wellbore. The use of different equipment affects the quality and cost of building devices.

What is auger drilling

The cheapest and simple method well device is considered. The technology of the work is that the classic Archimedean screw, called an auger, excavates the soil.

The process is reminiscent of ice fishing enthusiasts drilling a hole for fishing under the ice. This method is used to drill a well with a depth of not more than 10 meters. No drilling fluid or water is used to flush the structure.

The instruction indicates that this method can be used without problems in dry and soft soils. Rocky, hard rocks encountered in the drilling process and quicksand are not amenable to auger drilling.

Tip: When punching, the length of the hole in the ground must be clearly maintained so that it reaches the required aquifer and protects the aquifer from Wastewater and getting top water.

How to make a drill from an auger from a combine harvester

For drilling a well under water, augers from old combines can be used as a drilling tool. After a little modernization, the auger from an agricultural machine turns into a fairly suitable drill.

You will also need pipe-rods with threading to increase the height of the drilling string.

Then you need:

• Convert the lower tubular end into a kind of screw. To do this, at a distance of approximately 80 cm from the helical end, two knives are welded with an angle to the horizontal direction equal to 25º.
• A threaded coupling is installed at the upper end of the drill. Weld it in order to be able to screw the rods.
• A transverse handle is welded onto one of them. With the help of which the auger will be screwed into the ground. All subsequent rods are built up between this rod and the auger.

Tip: By increasing the length of the cross handle, which is welded to the guide rod, it is easier to turn it.

What is rotary drilling

To drill a deep well in a rotary way, a special drill pipe is used. In its cavity, a rotating shaft is immersed into the well, the end of which is equipped with a tip - a chisel.

A load is created on the bit by the action of a hydraulic installation. With this method, you can dive into water of any depth. Most of these structures are performed by rotary drilling.

Washing out of rock or soil from the well is carried out with a special drilling fluid that is fed into the pipe in one of two ways:

• By pumping the pump into the drill pipe, and then the solution with the rock exiting by gravity to the outside through the annulus - direct flushing.
• Getting into the annulus by gravity, and then pumping out the solution with the rock from the drill pipe - backwashing.

The washing out of the rock in the second case allows you to get a higher flow rate of the well. In this case, it is possible to better open the desired aquifer.

The disadvantage of this technology is the involvement of sophisticated equipment, which greatly increases the cost of work. With direct flushing, the construction of a well is cheaper, so the owners of private houses most often order it to build a structure on their site.

Tip: An artesian well is performed using drilling machines owned by specialized companies.

What is percussion drilling method

The oldest, labor-intensive and very slow method of drilling is shock-rope (see). But, with its help, you can get a high-quality well, ready to last up to half a century.

The technology is as follows:

• Rock or soil is broken under the action of a heavy projectile, which rises to a certain height, and then falls down with force.
• With the help of a bailer, the destroyed rock is removed from the wellbore.

The advantage of the drilling method is that there is no need to use water or a special drilling fluid during operation, which allows you to more accurately open the aquifer, and thereby ensure the maximum well flow rate and increase its service life.

The disadvantages of the method include:

• Great labor intensity.
• High cost of drilling.
• To access the second and subsequent aquifers, isolation of the higher aquifers is required. For this, additional casing strings are used, which increases the cost of purchasing pipes of a different larger diameter.
• The amount of work that must be performed by specialists is also increasing.

Well buildup

The buildup is the process of cleaning the well from dirt. It requires the use of a powerful centrifugal pump. It is also possible to use , but this species pump will extend the process time.

So:

• For the speedy cleaning of the well with a vibration pump, it must be raised several times so that the water loosens up and the solid sediment does not have the opportunity to sink to the bottom.
• The well sway will affect the shrinkage of the gravel screening between the well and the pipe, for this reason the gravel should be added periodically. Usually the buildup takes a lot of time and since this process releases a large number of water, it should be arranged in advance to drain it into a ditch.

After the pumping process is completed, the well can be equipped with a pump that is suitable for its everyday operation. Now you know if you can do this work yourself. The video in this article will help you not to miss the details of this work.

Making a bore hole

Of course, you need to refine your design. You can do this according to your idea.

There are several options for doing this job:

• Build small house from a tree or other building above the well, varnish it or paint it;
• Around the well, you can lay out an unusual pattern of bricks, stones, pebbles, concrete, create an ornament or build something;
• You can close the well with the help of planted plants, for example, plant a willow and build a flower garden near it.

What are the features of well operation

There are several rules for using wells, following which the price of its operation is reduced:

• Regardless of the type of construction, cleaning should be carried out regularly.
• Signs of contamination of the system are: the presence of air pockets when opening the water; the presence of other impurities in the water.
• If cleaning is not carried out in time, such contamination can cause breakdowns that cannot be repaired, which means that a complete replacement will be needed.
• To restore the functionality of the system, it is enough to perform a purge.
• A radical cleaning method is the use of acid or electricity. But this should be carried out only by highly qualified specialists.